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Biodiversity
A contraction of BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Biologic
al
BIOS =
Life
Diversity
Diversitas =
Variety
Biodiversity
of
plants,
animals
and
micro-organisms
and
the
Biodiversity
"Biodiversity" is most commonly used to replace the more clearly
defined and long established terms, species diversity and species
richness.
Biologists most often define biodiversity as the "totality of genes,
species and ecosystems of a region".
Biodiversity
An advantage of this definition is that it seems to describe most
circumstances and presents a unified view of the traditional types
of biological variety previously identified:
Taxonomic diversity (usually measured at the species diversity
level)
Biodiversity
Ecological diversityrefers to
the diversity of a place at
the level ofecosystems.
The
term
differs
frombiodiversity,
which
refers to variation in species
rather than ecosystems.
Functional
diversityis
the effective number of
different species that
are represented in a
collection of individuals
Biodiversity
Hierarchy levels of Bio Diversity
GENETIC DIVERSITY- variation of genes
within species. It could be of alleles or
chromosomal structure.
Biodiversity
Genetic diversity
Adaptation
to
particular
environmental
conditions
may
weed
out
genetic
variants
that
are
not
successful.
Biodiversity
Ecosystem diversity
Species diversity
Source: Mora C, Tittensor DP, Adl S, Simpson AGB, Worm B, 2011 How Many Species Are There on
Earth and in the Ocean? PLoS Biol 9(8): e1001127. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127, via Life Lines
Source:
http://www.plosbi
ology.org/article/i
nfo%3Adoi
%2F10.1371%2Fj
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
Rare species :These are species with small total population size in
the world ,their distribution are usually localized within restricted
area of world.
Source: https://mdgsaustralia.wordpress.com/reduce-losses-in-biodiversity/
Biodiversity
India is known for its rich heritage of biodiversity.
India is one of the 17 mega-diverse countries in the world.
With only 2.4% of the worlds area, India accounts for 78% of the
worlds recorded plant and animal species.
Indias ten biogeographic zones possess an exemplary diversity of
ecological habitats like alpine forests, grasslands, wetlands, coastal
and marine ecosystems, and desert ecosystems.
India has four out of thirty-four global biodiversity hotspots, which is
an indicator of high degree of endemism (of species) in India.
About 5,150 plant species and 1,837 animal species are endemic to
India.
Indias biodiversity includes wild relatives of agricultural crops and
domesticated animals.
Biodiversity India
Biodiversity India
Source: http://www.biodiversityofindia.org/index.php?
Biodiversity India
Fauna
Flora
Protista;
Vertebrates;
6% 3%
Microbes; 11%
Invertebrates; 14%
Anthropods; 78%
Protista
Invertebrates
Plants; 89%
Anthropods
Vertebrates
Plants
Microbes
Biodiversity India
India has 16 major types and 251 subtypes of forests.
Indigenous medicine systems utilize nearly 6,500 native plants for
both human and animal healthcare.
Indias diverse preponderance of native tribal and ethnic groups has
contributed significantly in the conservation and diversification of
biodiversity.
Its cultural and ethnic diversity includes over 550 tribal communities
of 227 ethnic groups spread over 5,000 forested villages. India
proudly upholds the tradition of nature conservation.
In 252 B.C., the Emperor Asoka established protected areas (PAs) for
mammals, birds, fish and forests through a proclamation.
Jim Corbett National Park covering an area of 325sqkm came into
being as the Indias first and worlds third National Park in 1936.
Biodiversity India
India has currently 4.79% of total geographic area under an
elaborate network of PAs, which includes 99 National Parks, 513
wildlife sanctuaries, 43 conservation reserves, 4 community reserves
and 3 biodiversity
heritage
sites.
India has
a National Wildlife
Action Plan, which envisages
10%
of
the
geographical
Source: www.earthtrends.wri.org/2002-03
Biodiversity India
Himalayas - This majestic range of
mountains is the home of a diverse range
of flora and fauna. Eastern Himalayas is
one of the two biodiversity hotspots in
India.
Source: earthtrends.wri.org
Biome
1.Tropical rainforest
seasonal
rainforest
(deciduous
2.
A Tropical
grouping
of terrestrial
ecosystems
on a given continent that are
Semi deciduous)
similar
in vegetation
structure, physiognomy, features of the
3. Temperate
giant rainforest
4. Montane rainforest
environment
and characteristics of their animal communities.5. Temperate deciduous forest
Whittaker
6. Temperate evergreen forest
7. Subarctic forests (taiga)
8. Elfin woodland
9. Thorn forests and woodlands
10. Thorn scrub
11. Temperate woodland
12. Temperate shrub lands
13. Savanna
14. Temperate grassland
15. Alpine grasslands
16. Tundra
17. Tropical desert
18. Warm-temperate desert
19. Cool temperate desert scrub
20. Arctic-alpine desert
Biodiversity
Biosphere Reserves
Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems
promoting solutions to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with
its sustainable use. They are internationally recognized, nominated
by national governments and remain under sovereign jurisdiction of
the states where they are located. -UNESCO
They are large protected area of usually more than 5000 sq.km.
Biosphere Reserves
A biosphere reserves has 3 parts- core, buffer and transition zone.
1-The core zone is innermost zone, this is undisturbed and legally
protected area.
2-Buffer zone lies b/w the core and transition zone. Some research
and
educational
3-Transition
zoneactivities
is the are permitted here.
outermost
part
biosphere
reserves.
Here
cropping,
forestry,
fishery
of
recreation,
and
other
Biosphere Reserves
Biodiversity Hotspots
Biodiversity Hotspots
Biodiversity Hotspots
1. The Tropical Andes
2. Mesoamerica
3. The Caribbean Islands
4. The Atlantic Forest
5. Tumbes-Choc-Magdalena
6. The Cerrado
7. Chilean Winter Rainfall-Valdivian Forests
8. The California Floristic Province
9. Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands
10. The Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa
11. The Guinean Forests of West Africa
12. The Cape Floristic Region
13. The Succulent Karoo
14. The Mediterranean Basin
15. The Caucasus
16. Sundaland
17. Wallacea
18. The Philippines
Source: http://bsienvis.nic.in/files/Biodiversity%20Hotspots%20in
North-eastern
India,
except
Indonesia, Malaysia,
Islands
Singapore, Brunei,
Thailand,
Cambodia
(and
Myanmar,
Vietnam,
and
Laos,
Philippines)
southern
China)
Source: http://bsienvis.nic.in/files/Biodiversity%20Hotspots%20in
Source: http://bsienvis.nic.in/files/Biodiversity%20Hotspots%20in
Loss of Biodiversity
Source: http://www.grida.no/graphic.aspx?
Reference
IUCN
https://mdgsaustralia.wordpress.com/reduce-losses-in-biodiversity/
Environ
http://www.eniscuola.net/en/argomento/biodiversity1/loss-ofbiodiversity/causes-of-the-loss-of-biodiversity/
http://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodiversity/l-3/1-definebiodiversity.htm
http://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodiversity/l-3/1-definebiodiversity.htm
THANKS