Disaster Laws in Pakistan - Nadeem Ahmed Abro

National Disaster System & Laws in Pakistan
By
Nadeem Ahmed Abro
NDMA, 12th Oct 2011
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Ministers Secretariat
My Country
History
Administrative Division
170 Million people
Religion
97% Muslims, (77 % Sunni, 20% Shi'a), Others 3%
Parliamentary Democracy
Economy
US$1200 Per capita Income

GDP Size is approximately over US$165 Billion
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN
Pakistans Disaster
Context
Diverse topographical
features
Pakistans Disaster
Context
Climatic variations from tropical to temperate with
rainfall as little as less than 1 to over 150 a year

Pakistans Disaster
Context
Uneven population density

Pakistans Disaster
Context
Unplanned development in hazard prone areas

Pakistans Disaster
Context
Poverty feeds into vulnerability

Pakistans Disaster
Context
Pressure on national resources

Hazards and Disaster
10
Hazards in Pakistan
Natural
Human Induced
Droughts
Transport Accidents
Earthquakes
Oil Spills
Floods
Urban Fires
Tsunami
Internal Displacements
Avalanches
Industrial Accidents
Landslides
Cyclones/Storms
Glacial Lake Outbursts
11
GENESIS OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
IN PAKISTAN
12
Genesis of System
Calamity Act 1958 existed in Pakistan which was mainly
concerned with reactive emergency response
Emergency Relief Cell (ERC)
Relief Commissioner
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)

World Conference on Disaster Reduction (18 - 22 Jan 05,
Japan) adopted Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015
HFA recognized Disaster Risk Management as an
important element for achieving internationally agreed goals
Pakistan, along with 168 other nations, is a signatory to the
HFA
13
Genesis of System
EQ 2005 - Incapacities of existing system came to fore
Reactive approach - Relief oriented
Lack of coordination and centralized control
Law not all encompassing
National Disaster Management Ordinance, promulgated
in Dec 2006, which was later on passed by the
Parliament as National Disaster Management Act-2010.
The NDMA is in the process of formulating the Disaster
Management Rules under the NDM Act, 2010.
14
Institutionalize Structure
NDMC
PDMCs
NDMA
PDMAs
(NEOC)
NDRF
(PEOC)
NIDM
Stake Holders
DDMAs
15
Stake Holders
Donors
Armed
Forces
PHF
UN / IOs
NDMA
Federal
Ministers
IFIs
Media
NHN
Provinces
16
New System - Features

Paradigm shift (reactive to proactive approach)
One window operation
Centralized planning and decentralized execution
Disaster management - devolved subject
Directly responsible to political leadership
Ownership
Dedicated resources
Powerful law
Deals all four spectrums of disaster management
17
Disaster Management Spectrum

Recovery & Rehabilitation
Response
DM
Spectrum
Reconstruction
Mitigation &
Preparedness
18
Functions and Responsibilities
19
NDMAs Mandate
To act as the implementing, coordinating and

monitoring body for disaster management
(Article 9 of NDM Act 2010)
20
MAs Mandate - Disaster Managem

Managing the complete disaster
spectrum, including Preparedness;
Response; Recovery and
Rehabilitation; and Reconstruction
(Article 2.c of NDM Act 2010)
Functions - NDMA
Act
as the implementing, coordinating and monitoring
body for disaster management

Implement,
coordinate and monitor the implementation
of the National policy

Lay
down guidelines for preparing disaster management
plans by different Ministries or Departments and the

Provincial Authorities
Provide
necessary technical assistance to Provinces for
preparing their disaster management plans

22
Functions - NDMA
Coordination
with
the
United
Nations
agencies,
international organizations and governments of foreign

countries
Establish
institutions
for
research,
training,
and
developmental programmes in the field of disaster

management
Extend
such support to other countries affected by major
disaster as it may deem appropriate
23
Organization Structure
Staff Officer
Chairman
Strategic Plan Unit
Member
Disaster Risk Reduction
Member
Operations
Member
Support & Services
Disaster Risk Reduction-1
Response
Coordination and
Information Management
Disaster Risk Reduction-2
Recovery & Re-habitation
IT
Sectoral Specialists
Logistic
Admin & Procurement
Project Units
National Operation Center
Finance
24
DM Organization Structure
NDMC
Line Ministries/
Division
Media
UN/ Donors
Humanitarian
Local
Representatives
Implementation
Partners
JSHQ
NDMA
(NEOC)
GHQ
NHQ
AHQ
PDMA/ FDMA
SDMA/GBDMA
ICT DMC
Corps (CDMC)
DDMA
Div (DDMC)
Line
Deptts Prime Ministers Secretariat
National Disaster Management
Authority,
25
Institutional Arrangements
Enactment of National Disaster Management Act 2010

which provide for following institutional arrangements
Disaster Management Commissions at National (NDMC)
and Provincial/regional levels (PDMC)
Disaster Management Authorities at National (NDMA),
Provincial/regional (PDMA) and District (DDMA) level
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
National Disaster Management Fund (NDMF)
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
26
National Disaster Risk Management Framework (NDMRF)
Developed
through
an
extensive
consultative
process involving all stakeholders and approved by

NDMC on 5 March, 2007
Framework identified following NINE PRIORITY areas
for national capacity development
Institution and legal arrangements for DRM
Hazard and vulnerability assessment
Training, education and awareness
Disaster risk management planning
27
Community and local level programming
Multi hazard early warning system
Mainstreaming DRR into development
Emergency response system
Capacity development for post disaster recovery
28
Why DRR Important for Pakistan
5 Years
Pakistan a disaster prone country compounded by

frequency and nature of disaster
Since then:
2 Cyclones
2 Floods
2 Earthquakes
2 Land Slides
1 Complex
Emergency
Erosion of Economic Growth and Social Capital

Unsustainable Development Pakistan a developing
country with emphasis on infrastructure development
Difficult to achieve Poverty Reduction Goals
29
Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED)

Annual Disasters Statistical Review 2006, Brussels, May 2007
30

1956 -2006
Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) Annual Disasters Statistical
31
Review 2006
Progress Under New System of DM

National Risk Assessment
National hazard and risk assessment
Being carried out - Will serve as key baseline
document
for
DRR
planning
at
the
national/provincial/local level
Assessment expected to be completed by end 2012
Pilot project of Hazard, Livelihood and Vulnerability
(HLV) baseline assessment completed in 10 districts
EQ risk assessments completed in Muzaffarabad,
Mansehra, Murree, Quetta & Chitral. Exercise aimed at
integrating EQ vulnerability reduction into development
plans and schemes
Risk assessment of Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding
(GLOF) completed in Gilgit district of Gilgit-Baltistan
32

Training, Education & Awareness
Specialized training courses organized on Flood/

EQ/Drought/Coastal
Hazards
Mitigation,
DRR
Mainstreaming and Disaster Risk Communication
Trainings for professionals for EQ resistant housing

conducted
Following knowledge products/

developed and disseminated
training
Guidelines for earthquake safer construction
Seismic retrofitting manual for buildings
Seismic hazard assessment
Disaster reporting manual
manuals
33

Training, Education & Awareness
Earthquake mitigation manual
Drought mitigation manual
Flood mitigation manual
Cyclone mitigation manual
DRR mainstreaming manual
Disaster risk management manual
School safety material on DRM
34

Promoting Disaster Risk Management Planning
Five Provincial/State, National Disaster Response Plan

and thirty District DRM plans prepared
Contingency plans developed:
Monsoon
Winter
Marine
Industrial and Chemical disasters
Cyclone
Draft
Tsunami
consultations
Contingency
Plan
ready
for
35

Community & Local Level DRR Programming
Provision of technical human resource to all PDMAs and

DRM Coordinators to 29 most vulnerable DDMAs
Key CBDRM activities include
DRM network for disaster response formulated in 11

districts
Tsunami evacuation drills in

Balochistan and Sindh provinces
Draft action plan for school safety for Sindh and

Balochistan developed
Union council level DRM for pilot union councils

developed
costal
areas
of
36
Progress Under DRM

Multi-hazard Early warning System
Disease Early Warning System (DEWS) established in

48 districts
Tsunami early warning system established and tide

gauges installed; Training for seismic data collection
and tide gauge maintenance also imparted
Drought early warning system and mitigation projects

implemented in Tharparkar District
Indigenous knowledge based early warning indicators

for drought developed
37
Progress Under DRM

Mainstreaming DRR into Development
The initiative is currently on-going in following ten

ministries:
Planning Commission of Pakistan
Ministry of Housing and Works
Ministry of Water and Power
Ministry of Industries and Production
Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Communication
Ministry of Environment (Devolved)
Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Devolved)
Ministry of Education (Devolved)
Ministry of Health (Devolved)
38
Progress Under DRM

Mainstreaming DRR into Development
A chapter on DRR by the Planning Commission of

Pakistan. The proposed chapter will be made part of
the five years development plan after consensus by
provincial authorities
Under this component, guidelines on DRR for

preparation of development project proposals
(Infrastructure, Social and Production Sectors) have
been prepared & circulated
Seismic concerns have been mainstreamed into the

curricula of Civil Engineering Diploma
39
Progress Under DRM

Emergency Response System
US&R Team
Three teams formed (CDA, City District Government
Karachi and Pak Army)
Two are planned to be raised (Chitral and GB)
Programme for Enhancement of Emergency Response

(PEER), Phase III has been started
26 District Disaster Resource Centers (DDRCs) have

been established in most vulnerable districts
DRM
training
being
imparted
to
doctors
and
paramedical staff
40
Progress Under DRM

Capacity Development for Post Disaster Recovery
Strategic Planning Unit (SPU) of NDMA currently

providing technical backstopping to all involved in
post-flood early recovery activities
SPUs Sectoral experts have produced the following

documents
Pak Flood and Early Recovery Response Plan 2010
Sectoral strategies on Agriculture, Community

Restoration, WASH, Shelter, Education, Health and
Information Management and Monitoring
Early Recovery Strategic Framework and Gap

Analysis
Re-construction related outputs
41
Bilateral/Regional Initiative
SAARC
Natural Disaster Rapid Response Mechanism

being devised
South Asian Disaster knowledge network (web

based portal)
China
Joint Pak-China Flood Management Mechanism
Cooperation in Disaster Management
Australia
Expansion of CBDRM programme
Support to NIDM
42
Bilateral/Regional Initiative
Tripartite (Pakistan-Afghanistan-Turkey) cooperation in

disaster management
Cooperation with ADPC on DRM
UNISDR regional initiative on one million safer school
Expansion of CBDRM programme through World Bank
Capacity building programme through JICA
Cooperation with IFRC on mainstreaming
IDRL
guidelines through Rules under NDM Act, 2010.
43
Disaster Response
Floods 2007 - Sindh and Balochistan

Flash Floods 2008 - NWFP
Earthquake 2008 - Balochistan (Ziarat)

Food Crisis 2008
Land Slide 2010 - Attabad (Hunza, GB)
Avalanches 2010 - Kohistan
Kyrgyzstan Operation (Pak Students) - June 2010
Tropical Cyclone (Phat) 2010 - Balochistan and Sindh
Air Blue Crash July 2010
Floods 2010
Floods 2011 (in progress)
44
www.ndma.gov.pk
dddrrii@ndma.gov.pk
+92-3005012304
QUESTIONS ?
Hazards in Pakistan
Predictable
Un-Predictable
Floods
Earthquakes
Droughts
Avalanches
Tsunami
Landslides
Cyclones/Storms
Glacial Lake Outbursts

Accidents of all types
49
Analysis of Natural Disasters in Pakistan (1987-2006)

S
#
Disaster
Type
People
Homeless
People People
Killed Injured
People
affected
Total
affected
Total
Damage
000$
Ran
king
Wind
Storm
22,597
11,654
1,183
1,057,000
1,080,780
4,100
Earthquake
2,853,585
142,812
88,096
1,294,429
4,236,110
5,019,255
Flood
8,927,685
11,702
1,262
38,669,447
47,598,394
2,746,030
86 1
Land
Slides
3,100
384
114
200
3,414
Famine
300,000
300,000
Epidemic -
283
211
16,275
16,486
Extreme
Temp
1,406
324
250
574
Drought
223
2,269,300
2,269,300
2,47,000
Total
11,806,967
168,464
91,190
43,606,901
55,505,058
8,016,385
Flood 2010
1,744,471
1,984
2,946
20,184,550
20,184,550
10,000,000
50

Disaster Laws in Pakistan - Nadeem Ahmed Abro

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Disaster Laws in Pakistan - Nadeem Ahmed Abro

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

National Disaster System & Laws in Pakistan

97% Muslims, (77 % Sunni, 20% Shi'a), Others 3%

US$1200 Per capita Income

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Ministers Secretariat

Climatic variations from tropical to temperate with

rainfall as little as less than 1 to over 150 a year

Uneven population density

Unplanned development in hazard prone areas

Poverty feeds into vulnerability

Pressure on national resources

Hazards and Disaster

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Ministers Secretariat

Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Ministers Secretariat

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Ministers Secretariat

New System - Features

Disaster Management Spectrum

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Ministers Secretariat

Functions and Responsibilities

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Ministers Secretariat

To act as the implementing, coordinating and

MAs Mandate - Disaster Managem

as the implementing, coordinating and monitoring

body for disaster management

coordinate and monitor the implementation

of the National policy

down guidelines for preparing disaster management

plans by different Ministries or Departments and the

necessary technical assistance to Provinces for

preparing their disaster management plans

international organizations and governments of foreign

developmental programmes in the field of disaster

such support to other countries affected by major

disaster as it may deem appropriate

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Ministers Secretariat

Strategic Plan Unit

Disaster Risk Reduction-1

Disaster Risk Reduction-2

Recovery & Re-habitation

Admin & Procurement

National Operation Center

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Ministers Secretariat

Enactment of National Disaster Management Act 2010

process involving all stakeholders and approved by

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Ministers Secretariat

Why DRR Important for Pakistan

Pakistan a disaster prone country compounded by

Erosion of Economic Growth and Social Capital

Why DRR Important for Pakistan

Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED)

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Ministers Secretariat

Why DRR Important for Pakistan

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Ministers Secretariat

Progress Under New System of DM

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Ministers Secretariat

Progress Under New System of DM

Specialized training courses organized on Flood/

Trainings for professionals for EQ resistant housing

Following knowledge products/

Guidelines for earthquake safer construction

Seismic retrofitting manual for buildings

Seismic hazard assessment