PROBLEMS CH 17

Learning Check
Which lipids contain the alcohol glycerol?
A. steroids and waxes
B. triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids
C. sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids
D. glycerophospholipids and waxes

Solution
Which lipids contain the alcohol glycerol?
A. steroids and waxes
B. triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids
C. sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids
D. glycerophospholipids and waxes
Answer is B. Triacylglycerols and
glycerophospholipids
contain the alcohol glycerol.

Learning Check
Assign the melting point (mp) of 17C,
13C, or
69C to each one of the following 18carbon fatty acids, and list the fatty acids
in order from highest to lowest melting
point. Explain.
A. oleic acid
B. stearic acid
C. linoleic acid

Solution
Stearic acid is saturated and would have a
higher melting point than the unsaturated
fatty acids. Oleic acid, which has one
double bond, has a higher mp than linoleic
acid, which has two double bonds.
B. stearic acid
A. oleic acid
one

mp 69C saturated
mp 13C unsaturated with
double bond

C. linoleic acid mp 17C

with two
double bonds

unsaturated

Learning Check
Draw the condensed structural formulas for each of the
fatty acids with 10 carbon atoms that follow.
A. saturated

B. monounsaturated omega-3

C. monounsaturated omega-6

Solution
Draw the condensed structural formulas for
each of the fatty acids with 10 carbon
atoms that follow.
A. saturated
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH

B. monounsaturated omega-3

C. monounsaturated

omega-6

Learning Check
What are the fatty acids in the following
triacylglycerol?
O

CH2 O C

(CH2)16

CH3

O
CH O C

(CH2)7

CH CH

O
CH2 O C

(CH2)12 CH3

(CH2)7 CH3

Solution
O
CH2 O C

(CH2)16

CH3

Stearic acid

O
CH O C

(CH2)7

CH CH

(CH2)7 CH3

Oleic acid

O
CH2 O C

(CH2)12 CH3

Myristic acid

Learning Check
Draw the condensed structural formula for
glyceryl tripalmitoleate (tripalmitolein).

Solution
Draw the condensed structural formula for
glyceryl tripalmitoleate (tripalmitolein).

Solution
Which of the following products is
obtained from the complete
hydrogenation of glyceryl trioleate?

B. glyceryltristearate

Olestra, a Fat Substitute

Olestra is
used in foods as an artificial fat.
composed of 68 long-chain fatty acids
attached by ester links to a sucrose (not
glycerol) molecule.
not broken down in the intestinal tract.

Learning Check
Identify each statement as true (T) or
false (F).
A. There are more unsaturated fats in
vegetable oils.
B. Vegetable oils have higher melting
points than fats.
C. Hydrogenation of oils converts some
cis-double bonds to trans-double
bonds.
D. Animal fats have more saturated fats.

Solution
Identify each statement as true (T) or false
(F).
T A. There are more unsaturated fats in
vegetable oils.
F B. Vegetable oils have higher melting
points than fats.
T C. Hydrogenation of oils converts some cisdouble
bonds to trans-double bonds.
T D. Animal fats have more saturated fats.

Learning Check
What products are obtained from the
complete hydrolysis of glyceryl
trioleate?
A. glycerol and 3 oleic acids
B. glyceryl tristearate
C. glycerol and 3 stearic acids

Solution
What products are obtained from the
complete hydrolysis of glyceryl trioleate?
A. glycerol and 3 oleic acids

Learning Check
Draw the condensed structural formula of the
product of the following reaction.

O
CH2 O C (CH2)7
O

CH CH

(CH2)5

CH3

CH O C
O

(CH2)7 CH CH

(CH2)5

CH2 O C

(CH2)7 CH CH

(CH2)5 CH3

CH3

3H2

Ni

Solution
O
CH2 O C

(CH2)14

CH3

O
CH O C

(CH2)14

CH3

(CH2)14

CH3

O
CH2 O C

Learning Check
Identify each as a fatty acid, triacylglycerol, amino alcohol
or glycerophospholipid.
A. glyceryl trioleate
B. cephalin
C. choline
D. palmitic acid

Solution
Identify each as a fatty acid,
triacylglycerol, amino alcohol or
glycerophospholipid.
A. glyceryl trioleate

triacylglycerol

B. cephalin

glycerophospholipid

C. choline

amino alcohol

D. palmitic acid

fatty acid

Learning Check
Identify the components and type of
glycerophospholipid.
O

CH2OC (CH2)16CH3
O

CH2OC (CH2)16CH3
+

O
NH3

CH2OPOCH2CHCOO

Solution
Identify the components and type of
glycerophospholipid.
O

CH2OC (CH2)16CH3
O 2 Stearic acids

CH2OC (CH2)16CH3
+

O
NH3

Type = cephalin
CH2OPOCH2CHCOO

Serine
O Phosphate
Amino alcohol

Learning Check
Match the components of the cholesterol
molecule with
each of the following:
alkyl chain

hydroxyl group

steroid nucleus
B

CH3
CH3

HO

methylCHgroup
3
CH3

CH3
A

Solution
Match the components of the cholesterol
molecule with
D
each
of the following:A
C

alkyl chain

hydroxyl group

steroid nucleus
B

CH3
CH3

HO

methylCHgroup
3
CH3

CH3
A

Learning Check
Identify each of the following as a steroid,
triacylglycerol, phospholipid, or
sphingolipid.
A. cholesterol
B. glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate, and
choline
C. glyceryl tristearate
D. sphingosine, fatty acid, phosphate,
and choline
E. estradiol

Solution
A. cholesterol steroid
B. glycerol, 2 fatty acids,

phospholipid

phosphate, and choline

C. glyceryl tristearate triacylglycerol
D. sphingosine, fatty acid,

sphingolipid

phosphate, and choline

E. estradiol
F. bile salts

steroid
steroid

G. lipids in plasma

phospholipid

membranes sphingolipid

Learning Check
What is the transport of particles across a
cell membrane
from high concentration to low
concentration called?
A. facilitated transport
B. diffusion (passive transport)
C. active transport

Solution
What is the transport of particles across a
cell membrane
from high concentration to low
concentration called?
A. facilitated transport
B. diffusion (passive transport)
C. active transport