Electromagnetic

Induction
Nov 14, 2016

Electromagnetic Induction
Voltage is induced whether the magnetic field of a
magnet moves near a stationary conductor or
the conductor moves in a stationary magnetic
field.

Nov 14, 2016

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

Demo: Magnet Induces Current

Voltage is induced when a magnet moves towards
or away from a coil, inducing a current in the coil.
Faster the magnets motion, the greater the
induced current.

Nov 14, 2016

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

Note: Do this in lab too.

Magnetic Recording
Write data by magnetizing
recording media (e.g.,
video tape, hard disk)
using electromagnets.
Data is read back using the
induced current produced
when magnetized media
moves past receiver coils
(reverse of writing data).
Nov 14, 2016

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

Hard disk

Electric Generator
Electric generator moves a conductor in a
magnetic field to produce voltage via
electromagnetic induction

Nov 14, 2016

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

Demo: Electric Generator

Turn the shaft by
hand and as
the coils pass
the magnets a
voltage is
induced.
DC current is
generated.
Nov 14, 2016

DC Output

S
H
A
F
T

Magnet

Magnet

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

Coils

Note: Do this in lab too.

Induction: No Free Lunch

Takes work to turn
the generator crank
to produce electric
current.
The faster we turn
the crank to
produce more
current, the more
difficult it is to turn.
Nov 14, 2016

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

More difficult to
push the magnet
into a coil with
more loops
because the
magnetic field of
each current loop
resists the motion
of the magnet.

Faradays Law
The induced voltage in a coil is proportional to the
product of the number of loops and rate at which
the magnetic field changes within the loops.

Small

Voltage

Nov 14, 2016

Medium
Voltage

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

Large
Voltage

Demo: Electromagnetic Oscillations

Put alternating current into an
electromagnet and you create
an oscillating magnetic field.
This oscillating magnetic field
induces electrical currents by
inducing electrical field
oscillations.
This is, effectively, a very low
frequency electromagnetic
antenna.

Coil with bulb

Oscillating
Magnetic
Field

ElectroMagnet

Connect to
alternating
current (AC)

Demo: Electric Motor

Can create an electrical motor by passing a
current through a set of electro-magnets
mounted on a rotating shaft.

Current out

Current in

Electro-magnets

Electric Motor, Analyzed

Current

Current

Electromagnet
mounted on a
shaft with
opposing magnets
on each side.
Current direction
always such that
electromagnet is
repelled, causing
shaft to turn.

Demo: Generator Becomes Motor

Pass a current into the generator and it
becomes an electric motor.
DC Input

Battery

Magnet

Magnet

Nov 14, 2016

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

Rotor
Spins

Note: Do this in lab too.

Self-Induction
When a current is
induced by a
changing magnetic
field, that current
itself produces its
own magnetic field.
This effect is called
self-induction.
Nov 14, 2016

Primary Magnetic Field

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

Current

Self-Induced
Magnetic Field

Demo: Lenzs Law

Induced current
produces a
secondary magnetic
field that is always
opposed to the
primary magnetic
field that induced it,
an effect called
Lenzs law.
Nov 14, 2016

Metal ring is
levitated by
self-induced
secondary
magnetic field
ElectroMagnet

Connect to
alternating
current (AC)

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

Oscillating
Magnetic
Field

Check Yourself
Does the ring levitate if we connect
the electromagnet to direct
current (e.g., to a battery)?
Does the ring levitate if it has a
gap?

Nov 14, 2016

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

ElectroMagnet

Check Yourself
Hold the ring down on the shaft and it
starts to get hot. Why?

What if we cool the ring in liquid

nitrogen and repeat the demo?

Oscillating
Magnetic
Field

ElectroMagnet

Connect to
alternating
current (AC)
Nov 14, 2016

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

Demo: Magnetic Brakes

Strong magnet dropped into
a copper pipe falls slowly
due to secondary magnetic
field induced by its motion.
Great Americas Drop Zone
has a 22 story freefall,
lasting four seconds,
decelerated by magnetic
braking.
Nov 14, 2016

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

Eddy Currents
Changing magnetic field
induces eddy currents
within any conductor.
These internal currents
produce self-induced
magnetic fields, which
by Lenzs law are in
opposition of the
primary magnetic field.
Nov 14, 2016

Primary Magnetic Field

Eddy
Currents

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

Self-Induced
Magnetic Field

Metal Detectors
Can detect the presence of
metals by using a
transmitter coil to create
an oscillating primary
magnetic field.
This creates a secondary
magnetic field due to eddy
currents in the metal.
Can detect this secondary
magnetic field by using a
receiver coil.
Nov 14, 2016

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU

Demo: Back Electromotive Force

Changing magnetic field in an
electromagnet induces a voltage in the
electromagnet itself.
When we disconnect a large
electromagnet the magnetic field
rapidly collapses.
This changing magnetic field
self-induces a large voltage in
the coil of the electromagnet.
Large spark occurs at the switch.
Nov 14, 2016

Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU