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Compounds
Organic
Inorganic
Organic
Inorganic
Solubility in inorganic
solvent (water)
soluble
Solubility in organic
solvent (toluene)
Generally soluble
Not soluble
Conductivity
Non-conductive
conductive
Flammability
Generally flammable
Not flammable
Volatility
More volatile
Not volatile
Melting Point
Low
High
Boiling Point
Low
High
Forms
HYDROCARBONS
Carbon Skeletons and Hydrogen Skins
C C C C C
|
C
ring
C
single
bonds
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
double
bond
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Isomers
When two compounds have the same
chemical formula but different
structural formulas they are called
isomers.
There are many kinds of isomers
depending on where the carbons are
placed and how bonds are arranged.
Depicting cycloalkanes.
H
H
C
H C
H
C H
H C
C H
H C
C H
cyclobutane
cyclopropane
methanal
(formaldehyde)
used to make
resins in
plywood,
dishware,
countertops;
biological
preservative
ethanal
(acetaldehyde)
narcotic product
of ethanol
metabolism;
used to make
perfume,
flavors, plastics,
other chemicals
benzaldehyde
artificial
almond
flavoring
2-butanone
2-propanone
(acetone) solvent (methyl ethyl
ketone)
for fat, rubber,
important
plastic, varnish,
solvent
lacquer;
chemical
feedstock
benzoic acid
calorimetric
standard; used
in preserving
food, dyeing
fabric, curing
tobacco
butanoic acid
(butyric acid)
odor of rancid
butter; suspected
component of
monkey sex
attractant
octadecanoic acid
(stearic acid)
found in animal
fats; used in
making candles
and soap
lecithin
phospholipid found in all cell
membranes
tristearin
typical dietary fat used as
an energy store in
animals
Polymers
Long chain molecules made of small
repeating units
Can be made by addition reactions
(adding molecules) or condensation
(splitting something out and joining the
pieces.
Building polymers.
Crosslinking
Some polymers make bridges across
chains rather than just adding to chains.
These are cross-linked polymers.
Some cross-links are covalent bonds and
are permanent. Some links are made with
intermolecular forces and can be broken
more easily (like the alginate worms).
Making Worms
Sodium alginate
Making Slime
glue molecule
Borax molecule
glue molecule