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PUNJAB AGRICULTURE
&
OVERVIEW OF
DEPARTMENT WORKS
By
G.S.DHILLON
SOIL CONSERVATION OFFICER
Punjab, India
gurry3@yahoo.com
Water scarcity
Water scarcity is commonly defined as a situation
where water availability in a country or in a region
is below 1000 m3 per person per year. The
threshold of 2000 m3 per person per year is
considered to indicate that a region is water
stressed since under these conditions populations
face very large problems when a drought occurs
or when man-made shortages are created.
Today, 31 countries face water stress or water
scarcity. By 2025 population growth alone is
expected to add another 17 countries to the list.
Water shortages would then affect 2.8 billion
people, or 35% of the world's projected population
compared with 8% today.
PUNJAB
( The Food Basket of India )
SCENARIO
Comparison of Area
NET AREA SOWN
TOTAL AREA
Punjab 2.99%
Punjab 1.53%
India 98.47%
India 97.01%
State Profile
Total Geographical area
Cropped area
: 86%
: 6%
Cropping Intensity
: 189 %
Irrigated area
No. of Villages
: 12278
Average Rainfall
: 450mm
Total Population
: 245.71 lacs
Main Crops
Major Rivers
Agriculture in Punjab
Agriculture in
Punjab
Food grains
contribution
to the Central Pool
Wheat 60-70%
Rice 40-50%
Cultivated Area
Irrigated Area
Fertilizer
Consumption
Farm Power
Availability
Mechanization
Punjab is 1st in average per hectare yield of rice, wheat and cotton.
44.3
0.5
0.2
5.8
1.6
0.3
0.2
0.7
0.5
8.2
0.5
: 3.04 m ha m
:3.04 m ha m
:1.36 m ha m
9.99 Lakh ha
30.20 Lakh Ha
No. of Tubewells
14 Lakh
9.60 Lakh ha
Technical parameters
Categorization of
Blocks
Sr. No
Category
Stage of Development
Exploitation Status
Dark
Grey
White
Below 65%
Categorization of Blocks
of Punjab State as per
Groundwater
Development
( Total: 141 Blocks)
Dark
Grey
White
87
16
38
74
2003-04
69
1997-2K1
42
1992-97
25
1987-92
1982-87
32
18
1970-71
1980-81
1990-91
1292
1430
1669
1051
1002
987
1591
1939
2233
2938
3017
3067
13
12
2888
3382
3909
4001
4021
4057
57.1 %
73.43 %
55 %
57.03 %
75.03 %
75.59 %
Block
Water table
fall (feet/yr)
2003-04
2023
Moga-II
13.9
95
359
Moga-I
5.5
89
193
Nihal Singh
Wala
5.5
71
176
42
126
Declining arable
land area and
Soil health
Decreasing
quantity and
quality of water
Punjab Agriculture
Technology
fatigue
Mounting Pressure
of Globalization
Increasing
Cost of Cultivation
and
Decreasing margins
WORKS
BEING DONE BY
SOIL & WATER
CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT, PUNJAB
UGPS
DRIP IRRIGATION
SYSTEM
SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
SYSTEM
Purpose of leveling
To achieve uniform seedbed
Reduction in irrigation application losses
To conserve soil moisture
To avoid soil erosion
Efficient use of farm inputs
Benefits
Curtails irrigation application losses (25%)
Reduces labor requirement (35%)
Enhances cultivated area (2%)
(by reduction of ditches and dikes)
Increase crop yield (20%)
Normal
Bed planting
Obviates waterlogging
stresses, in situ rainwater
conservation.
Less lodging, bolder grain,
larger panicle
Rain Water
Harvesting
Through Existing
Tubewells/
Handpumps
Recharging in Drains
by Recharge
Trenches
Million ha
0.58
Percent area
11.5
Water erosion
0.54
Water logged
0.45
and/or seasonally flooded
10.8
9.0
Salt-affected soils
7.4
0.37
Implementation of Watershed
Management Programme
WATERSHED TREATMENT
INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
PEOPLES EMPOWERMENT
SILT CHECK
STRUCTURE
BASE FLOW
STRUCTURE
Farm Ponds
For Irrigation
Rehabilitated
Bowlies
Renovated
well
Hand pump at
village community land
Socks weaving
Sericulture
Ban Making
THANK
S
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