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Palm Oil

Anggota Kelompok:
1) M Hasan S
2313100118
2) Uswatun Dasih P
2314100007
3) M. Iqbal
2314100092
4) Farichatul M
2314100115
5) Luh Ayu Maharani 2314100119
6) Pradana Setyo D
2314100140

Biodiesel
Definitio
n

Content
of Palm

Palm
Biodiesel

The
Process

(+)
Benefits
(-)
Weakness

 Biodiesel is diesel engine fuel made from

natural resources such as vegetable fat oil
or animal fats.

Biodiesel can made from fatty acids

transesterification. The fatty acids from
vegetable fat oil is reacted with alcohol
prouduce ester and by product such as
glycerin which has high economic value.

Some oil-producing plants in

Indonesia

Latin
Name

Indones
ian
Name

Elaeis guineensis Kelapa Sawit

Ricinus
communis

Jarak (kastroli)

Jatropha curcas

Jarak pagar

Ceiba pentandra

Kapok (Randu)

Chalopyllum
inophyllum

Nyamplung

Source: Energy reserch center ITB

Biodiesel VS Solar

Palm Oil Biodiesel

In general, biodiesel synthesized
from fatty acids esters with carbon
chain between C6-C22. Palm oil
contains fatty acids with carbon
chain C14-C20, so it has opportunity
to be developed as a biodiesel
feedstock.

Palm Oil
Palm Oil and palm kernel oil is a composition of
fatty acids, esterified, also glycerol that still has a
lot of fat. In both of them contains fatty acids,
between 50% dan 80% from each of them. Palm
oil has 16 carbon names that full of palmitic acid
based on in the palm oil mostly contains lauric
acid. Palm oil mostly grows naturally for
tocotrienol, part of vitamin E. Palm oil contains
much vitamin K and magnesium.

Rx
Esterifika
si

The Process of making Biodiesel

Rx
Transesterification

Rx
Esterificati
on

CPO
Esterification
Transesterification I
Transesterification II
Washing
Drying
Filtration
Biodiesel

Esterification Reaction

Usually esterification reaction is done before

transesterification reaction if using Crude
Plam Oil (CPO) and contains high free fatty
acids (>0.5%). With esterification
reaction,free fatty acids content can be
removed and obtained ester.

Transesterification

Glycerin is an important
compound in industry.
Glycerin is widely used
as solvents, cosmetics,
liquid soap, etc.

Transesterification I
Mixing between KOH dan CH3OH with palm oil.

Strirred

Fatty acids
58-65 C
(2hours)

63 C

KOH +
CH3OH
Transesterifica
tion II

CH3COOR +
94%
Gliserol
Deposited to split

Transesterification II
After process transesterification II
finished, do precipitation during a
certain time in order to separate
glycerol from methyl esters.
Precipitation II needs shorter time
than precipitation I because glycerol
is formed relatively less and will
dissolve through the washing process.

2. Washing
The washing of precipitation results in
transesterification II aims to eliminate
compounds that are not required such
as residu of glycerol and metanol.
The washing is done at temperature 55
C.
The washing is done 3 times until pH
mixture becomes normal (pH 6,8-7,2).

3. Drying
Drying aims to eliminate water mixed in
methyl ester.
The drying is done about 10 minutes at
temperature 130C.
The drying is done by giving heat to the
product at temperature about 95 C in
circulation.
The tip of circulation pipe is placed in the
middle of the liquid surface in the dryer.

4. Filtration
Aims to eliminate biodiesel impurity
particles are formed during the
process,such as rush originated from
the reactor wall or pipe wall or dirt
from the raw material.
The recommended filter is having the
same size or smaller than 10 micron.

Benefits

Low costs
Renewable resources
Environmentally
Low smoke number and cetane
number
Nontoxic

Weakness
If used NaOH or KOH as the catalyst,
it will produce soap. This will make
the separation process difficult,
because soap is difficult to be
separated with glycerin.