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PHILOSOPHY
HINDUISM,
BUDDHISM, JAINISM,
SIKHISM
BY: CYRA GERINA CASTRO
HINDUISM
a specific founder
Originally known as Sanatana Dharma
(now: Hindu Dharma or Hinduism)
under its strict principles call the Vedic
Dharma
Guiding Principles
DOCTRINES
A. SAMSARA
The cycle of birth and death
Humans are basically good,
but are caught up in a cycle
of desire of and suffering
that is a direct result of
ignorance and ego.
Humans are tormented by
many desires.
Desire is the root of evil.
B. Karma
chain of causes & consequences
Actions we perform today can have
WAY OF LIFE
God-centered rather than prophet-centered.
Experience based rather than belief based.
The process of growth, which comes from the seed.
Inherent in, and inclusive of all.
In the world, while above the world.
Both immanent and transcendent.
The whole and the parts.
Loving of all and excluding of none.
EDUCATION
It is an important means to achieve the
Dharma (Virtue)
Artha (Wealth)
Kama (Pleasure)
Moksha (Liberation)
2 TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
Lower Knowledge
Higher Knowledge
GURU
god in human form
remover of darkness
shows the way by his own
subject
2 Types of Teacher
GURUKUL SYSTEM
GURUKULAS
place
Education of Women
Girls - not admitted to the Gurukulas; not allowed to
BUDDHISM
4 Noble Truths
truth of existence of
suffering
truth of the cause of
suffering which is
ignorance
truth of cessation of
suffering
truth of the path to
cessation of suffering
Eightfold Path
Right Faith (Samyak Dristi)
Right Resolve (Samyak Sankalpa)
Right Speech (Samyak Vakya)
Right Action (Samyak Karmanta)
Right Living ( Samyak Ajiva)
Right Thought (Samyak Smriti)
Right Concentration (Samyak Samadhi)
Right Effort (Samyak Vyayama)
6 Paramitas
Almsgiving
Observance of precepts
Patience
Endeavor
Meditation
Wisdom
AIMS OF EDUCATION
To follow the moral values of Buddhist
religion
To adopt good conduct and violence
To achieve the final goal of Nirvana
To propagate Buddhism
To eradicate Vedic karmakanda or ritualism
To give up caste system
masses
To leave yajna and sacrifices for achieving
knowledge
To provide education in the language of
masses
To emphasize the progress and development
of the society rather than the individual
To provide education through the new system
PRINCIPLES OF EDUCATION
Avidya (ignorance) must be removed through education
peaceful surroundings in Buddhists monasteries, viharas
EDUCATION SYSTEM
Two tier system:
1) Popular Elementary Education
2) Higher Education Elementary Education
Popular Elementary education was religious
in nature included worldly education; up to
the age of 12 years, pupils received
instructions in reading, writing, arithmetic
and religion.
CURRICULUM
Elementary:
Grammar,
Higher:
Buddhism,
METHODS OF TEACHING
Mostly verbal
Question, answer, discussion and debates
Agra shishya pranali (Monitorial system)
Travelling and Nature study method
Book method
Preaching and conference method
Medium of instruction was Pali and also importance
Teacher-Student Relationship
Close , Pure, good and affectionate
Teacher besides being a scholar of repute must have in
EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION
Cosmopolitan
Total development of personality
No corporal punishment
Positivism - systematization of ideas
Ethical (Nirvana)
Democratic
Development of good conduct
Moral Discipline
Emphasis on Manual skills
Pragmatic
International impact
Value education & Character
development
Universities
Education as a social Institution
Imparting education in practical
subjects
Collective Teaching Methodology
JAINISM
PRACTICAL TEACHINGS
Triratna or three gems - three precious principles of life
Five vows (vrata) or abstinences - indicate general
character
Ahimsa (Non-violence) is the foremost virtue in Indian
thought but in Jainism it requires distinct meaning and
depth (thought and deed).
Final aim: development of personality (happiness of
all)
There are two levels of discipline depending on the
severity of the vows which are different for the monks
and of lay life.
AIMS OF EDUCATION
1. Truth is relativistic and pluralist, in a state
2.
3.
4.
5.
of may be.
Self-realization as jiva is divine.
Education should lead to self-enlightenment
and restore the full powers of jiva.
Cessation of Karma would disassociate jiva
from it and regain its power and glory.
Believes in transmigration of soul
(education may partly be the preparation
for the next world)
CURRICULUM
1. Punya and paap
2. Provision for attainment of Tri-Ratnas, the
METHODS OF TEACHING
Knowledge is through senses and meditation.
Teaching must develop these faculties.
Teaching should be social and tolerant, and
DISCIPLINE
Emphasis on self discipline and hard work.
Practical discipline (of a lower order meant
EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS
1. important contribution to art, architecture and
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
SIKHISM
VALUES
1. Equality
2. Personal right
3. Actions count
4. Living a family life
5. Sharing
6. Accept Gods will
7. The four fruits of life: Truth, contentment,
PROHIBITED BEHAVIOR
1. Non-logical behavior
2. Material obsession: Maya
3. Sacrifice of creatures: Sati
4. Non-family oriented living
5. Worthless talk
6. Intoxication
7. No priestly class
8. Eating meat killed in a ritualistic manner: Kutha
meat
9. Having premarital or extramarital sexual
relations
equal.
5. Uphold moral values
6. Personal sacrifice
7. Many paths lead to God
8. Positive attitude toward life: Chardi Kala
9. Disciplined life
10. No special worship days
REFERENCES:
Ghosh, P. (na). Essay on the Jainism System of Education. Retrieved
from
http://www.shareyouressays.com/116647/essay-on-the-jainism-system-o
f-education
Narula, R. Eastern Religions and Philosophies [Powerpoint