Logical Operations on Images

Boolean logic is a system of logical operations defined by George Boole

in the mid 19th century to apply algebraic operations on binary values.

Course Name: Digital Image Processing

Author(s) : Phani Swathi Chitta
Mentor: Prof. Saravanan Vijayakumaran

Level(UG/PG): UG

*The contents in this ppt are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 India license

Learning Objectives
After interacting with this Learning Object, the learner will be able to:
Explain the performance of logical operations on images

Definitions of the components/Keywords:

1
2
3
4
5

Logic operations provide a powerful complement to implementation of image

processing algorithms based on morphology.
These operations consist of 4 basic binary operations: AND, OR, and XOR and
a unary operator NOT. Secondary operators can be created by combining the
three binary operators with the unary operator, yielding: NAND, NOR, and XNOR.
Logic operations are performed on a pixel by pixel basis between corresponding
pixels of two or more images(except NOT, which operates on the pixels of a single
image).

Definitions of the components/Keywords:

1
2
3
4
5

Truth Table for basic Logical Operations:

Master Layout 1

Image after logical

operation is done
Original Images

Give a dropdown box to select the operation

The operations are: NOT, AND, OR, XOR,
NOT-AND
Give Start, Pause, Reset buttons

Step 1:

NOT

3
4

Instruction for the animator

Show the original image first then when
the user selects NOT operation and clicks
Start show the second image
The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures

Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)

The original binary image
The resulting image after performing a logical NOT operation on the
original image

Step 2:

AND

3
4

Instruction for the animator

Show the image1 and 2 first then when the
user selects AND operation and clicks Start
show the third image

After start is pressed, slowly move the two

images(triangle and circle) such that the
two outlines of the images come on one
another
The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures

Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)

The original binary images
The resulting image after performing a logical AND operation on the binary
images

Step 3:

OR

3
4

Instruction for the animator

Show the image1 and 2 first then when the
user selects OR operation and clicks Start
show the third image

After start is pressed, slowly move the two

images(triangle and circle) such that the
two outlines of the images come on one
another
The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures

Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)

The original binary images
The resulting image after performing a logical OR operation on the binary
images

Step 4:

XOR

2
v

3
4

Instruction for the animator

Show the image1 and 2 first then when the
user selects XOR operation and clicks Start
show the third image

After start is pressed, slowly move the two

images(triangle and circle) such that the
two outlines of the images come on one
another
The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures

Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)

The original binary images
The resulting image after performing a logical XOR operation on the binary
images

Step 6:

NOT-AND

3
4

Instruction for the animator

Show the image1 and 2 first then when the
user selects NOT-AND operation and clicks
Start show the third image

After start is pressed, slowly move the two

images(triangle and circle) such that the
two outlines of the images come on one
another
The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures

Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)

The original binary images
The resulting image after performing a logical NOT-AND operation on the
binary images

Electrical Engineering
Slide
1
Introduction

Slide
3
Definitions

Analogy

Slide
Slide
23,
26
Test 24,25
your understanding
Want to know more
Lets Sum up (summary)
(Further Reading)

(questionnaire)

Interactivity:
Try it yourself

Select any one of the

figures
a b
c

Select the Images

Select the operation

11
Credits

Questionnaire

1.Suppose two images have N>0 black pixels and the

result of ANDing those images also have N>0 black
pixels. Will the images be same?

Answers: a) Sometimes
c) Never

4
5

b) Always
d) None

Questionnaire

2. In an image, if total # of pixels is M and # of black pixels is

N then what is the # of black pixels in NOT image?

Answers: a) M-N

3. In two images, first image has N1 black pixels, second

image has N2 black pixels and AND of the two images has N3
black pixels. What is the # of black pixels in OR of two
images?

c) M

Answers: a) N1+N2-N3
c) N1-N2

b) N-M
d) N

b) N1+N2
d) N1+N2+N3

Links for further reading

Reference websites:
http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/HIPR2/logic.htm

Books:
Digital Image Processing Rafael C. Gonzalez,
Richard E. Woods, second edition, Prentice Hall