2.2.

Ecosystem

cont

Micro Planning

14

13
12
11
10

1 2

3
4
5

 Breathing
&

Recap
?

Evocation

Types of ecosystem: Introduction characteristic

features - forest ecosystem - desert ecosystem.

Prerequisite Knowledge
Ecosystem
Structure and
function of ecosystem

General Objective
Students will be able to recognize the two types of ecosystems

Specific Objectives
Students will be able to
list the two different types of ecosystems(S)
generalize any five characteristics and functions of forest
and desert ecosystem(S)
compare biotic and abiotic components of forest with desert
ecosystem(S)
sketch a mind map representing the two types of
ecosystems

Taxonomy of Objectives
Knowledge Dimension

The Cognitive Process Dimension

Remember

A.

Factual Knowledge

A.

Conceptual Knowledge 1

A.

Procedural Knowledge

A.

Meta
Knowledge

Cognitive

Understand

Apply

Analyse

Evaluate

Create

Explanatory Notes:
1. The student has to remember the two different types of ecosystem
2. The student has to understand the characteristics and function of forest ecosystem and desert ecosystem
3. The student has to apply the concepts to differentiate
A.Factual

Knowledge: It is a knowledge that contains the basic elements students must know if they are to be acquainted with the discipline
or to solve any of the problems in it.
B.Conceptual Knowledge: It includes knowledge of categories and classifications and the relationships between and among them.
C.Procedural Knowledge: It is the knowledge that takes the form of series of logical steps to be followed. It is more skill oriented and can
include algorithms, techniques and methods.
D.Meta Cognitive Knowledge: It is the knowledge of ones own cognition.

Key words:
Forest ecosystem - desert ecosystem

Types of Ecosystem
Forest Ecosystem
Desert Ecosystem
Aquatic Ecosystem
Grassland Ecosystem

Forest ecosystem
Predominance of trees that are interspersed with a large
number of species of herbs, shrubs, climbers, lichens, algae
and a wide variety of wild animals and birds.

Types of forest
Tropical rain forests
Tropical deciduous forests
Sub-tropical forests
Temperate rain forests
Temperate deciduous forests
Evergreen coniferous forests (Boreal Forests)

TYPES OF FORESTS IN INDIA (80%)

Forest
type

Area in
India

Tropical
37%
moist deci.
TROPICA
L DRY
DECI.

28%

SUBTROP 7%
ICAL
PINE

Place

TYPES OF LAND IN WORLD

BIOME TYPE

% OF LAND

FOREST

32

MP,GUJR
AT,MAHA
.

RANGELAND
& PASTURE

26

DESERT

20

HIMALAY
A TO
KANYAK
UMARI

CROPLAND

11

TUNDRA &
WETLANDS

09

HIMALAY
AS

URBAN
AREAS

02

TOTAL

100

As per report 2003 of Forest survey of India ,Dehradun the forest cover in
the country is 678,333 sq.km & constitutes 20.63% of its geographical area.
Dense forest contributes 390,564sq.km(11.88%) & open forest
287,769(8.75%).
In India M.P with 76429 sq.km of forest cover has the maximum forest
among all States/UTs followed by AP & Chandigarh

1. Tropical rain forests

Silent Valley - Kerala

Evergreen, broadleaf forests near equator.

High Temperature, humidity, rainfall
Richest in biodiversity
Canopy umbrella like cover
Lianas woody climbers
Orchids (epiphytes) attached trunks
Commercial goods wood, fuels, drugs, resin
timber
Rafflesia Arnoldi (colorful, fragrant, 7 kg)
They are found in India and near the
equator. They are characterized by high
temperature. They have broad leaf trees
like teak and the animals like lion, tiger
and monkey.

2.Tropical deciduous forest

They are found little away from the equator

Warm climate
Rain in monsoon time
Large part remains dry during summer

They are found little away from the

equator. They are characterized by a warm
climate and rain is only during monsoon.
They have different types of deciduous
trees like maple, oak and hickary and
animals like deer, fox, rabbit and rat.

3. Sub-tropical forests: dry season, deciduous trees and shrubs.

4. Temperate rain forests: temperature areas. pines, firs, redwood.
Evergreen broad leaf trees.

5. Temperate deciduous forests: Moderate temp. hickory,

poplar.
6. Evergreen coniferous forests (Boreal Forests): winter long,
less sunlight, Pine, spruce, fir, cedar. Leaves are needles create
less nutrient soil.

Characteristics and function of

forest ecosystem
1. Forests are characterized by warm temperature and
adequate rainfall, which make the generation of number of
ponds, lakes etc.,
2. The forest maintains climate and rainfall.
3. The forest support many wild animals and protect
biodiversity.
4. The soil is rich in organic matter and nutrients which
support the growth of trees.
5. Since penetration of light is so poor, the conversion of
organic matter into nutrients is very fast.

Structure and functions of the desert systems

ecosystems
I. Abiotic components
Climatic factors (temperature, light, rainfall) and minerals
The abiotic components are inorganic and inorganic and organic substances found in the soil and
atmosphere. In addition minerals, the occurrence of litter is characteristic features, majority of
forests.
II. Biotic components
1. Producers
Trees, shrubs and ground vegetation.
The plants absorb sunlight and produce photosynthesis.
2. Consumers
(a) Primary consumers (herbivores)
Ants, flies, insects, mice, deer, squirrels.
They directly depend on the plants for their food.
(b) Secondary consumers (primary carnivores)
Snakes, birds, fox.
They directly depend On the herbivores for their food.
(c)Tertiary consumers
Animals, like tiger, lion, etc.,
They depend on the primary carnivores for their food
3. Decomposers
Bacteria and fungi.
They decompose the dead plant and animal matter., of decomposition in tropical
and subtropical forests is in rapid than in the temperate forests

Formative assessment I
1. Which of the following is a tertiary consumer in
forest ecosystem? (U)
a) Rat b) Fox c) Lion d) Deer
2. Rate of change in species composition across
different habitat is (R)
a) Alpha richness b) Beta richness c) Gamma richness
d)Point richness
3. An extinct species among the following is (U)
a) White tiger b) Indian Lion c) Passenger pigeon d)
Nilgiri languar

Desert Ecosystem

Deserts are dry with precipitation that is both

infrequent and unpredictable from year to year.
Desert occupies about 35% of our worlds land area.
It is characterized by less than 25cm rainfall.
Atmosphere very dry poor insulator.

Desert Area in World

Types of Desert Ecosystem

Tropical Desert: Wind blown sand dunes are common (Eg) Sahara & Thar desert.

Temperature Desert: Very hot summer & very cool winter (Eg) Majave (South California)

Cold Desert: Very cool winters & Warm summers -(Eg) Gobi desert in China.

Characteristics and function of

desert ecosystem

The desert air is dry and the climate is hot.

Annual rainfall is less than 25 cm.
The soil is very poor in nutrients and less organic matter
Vegetation is poor.

Structure and functions of the desert systems

ecosystems
I. Abiotic Components
Temperature, rainfall, sunlight, water, etc.,
The temperature is very high and the rainfall is very low.
The nutrient cycling is also very low.

II. Biotic Components

Procedures
Shrubs, bushes, some grasses and few trees
In deserts mostly Succulent (e.g., cacti) plants are found
available.
They have water inside them to stay alive. They have. r on the
outside to protect them from the sun.
Consumers
Squirrels, nice foxes, rabbits, deer and reptiles.
These animals dig holes in the ground to live in. They come out
at night to find food. Most of the animals can extract water from
the seeds they eat.
Decomposers
Fungi and bacteria
Desert has poor vegetation with a very low amount of dead
organic mater. They are decomposed by few fungi and bacteria.

Formative assessment II
1. Jaldapara wildlife sanctuary is located at (R)
a) West bengal b) Assam c) Gujarat d) Punjab
2. Ranthambore national park is famous for (U)
a) One-horned Rhino b) Tiger c) Lion d) Hangul
3. In ecosystem structure, carnivores are categorized
under (U)
a) Producers b) Decomposers c) Consumers d)
Autotraphs

Discussion

Mind Map

Stimulated questions
1. Why does the Ganges river and delta region have
such a high population of people?
2. Why cactus leaves are scaly?

Summary
Ecosystem- it deals with the study of organisms in their natural home
interacting with their surroundings
Types of ecosystem
Characterization of ecosystem Forest ecosystem and Desert ecosystem

References
1. Anubha Kaushik, C.P. Kaushik, Environmental Science and Engineering, 4th
Multi Colour Edtion, New Age International Publishers, 2014.
2. A.Ravikrishnan, Environmental Science and Engineering, 5th revised
Edition, Sri Krishna Hitech Publishing company (P) Ltd, 2009.
3. T. G. Jr. Miller, S. Spoolman, New Environmental Science, 14th Edition,
Wadsworth Publishing Co, 2014.
4. E. Bharucha, Textbook of Environmental studies, second Edition,
Universities Press Pvt. Ltd., 2013.
5. A K De, Environmental Chemistry, 7th Edition , New age international
publishers, 2014.