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TECHNOLOGY,JAIPUR
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
PROJECT
ON
TRAINING UNDERTAKEN
AT
For the same amount of power to transfer, the line current will
reduce and so does the current carrying capacity of conductors.
The reduced current capacity will result in the less volume of
conductor for a given length
Reduced I2R losses-
With the reduction in line currents comes the reduction in i2r losses.
Better efficiencyWith lesser line losses due to reduced i2r loss, the efficiency of
transmission increases.
DISADVANTAGES OF DC
TRANSMISSION ExpensiveConverter stationsneeded to connect to AC power grids arevery
expensive.
ComplexIn contrast to AC systems, designing and operating multi-terminal
HVDCsystems is complex.
Radio noiseThe high-frequency constituents found in direct current
transmission systemscan cause radio noise in communications
lines that are situated near theHVDC transmission line.
DESIGNING OF TRANSFORMER
(Amps)
resistan loss
ce()
(kW)
(For
1.5km)
1
35
8
6.45
7.9
2
17.5
13
6.97
22.77
3
16
6.05
11.67
44.46
3.3
10.6
16
4.99
44.46
4
8.75
18
61.8
4.73
5
7
20
4.43
For above 4kV we encounter insulation
problem, so we
90.45
6
5.83
20 above 4kV 3.07
cant select supply
voltage
and
below
3kV
90.45
E t= kKVA
E t = 4.73 Volts/turn ;
m = Et / 4.44*f
m= 21.3*10-3 Wb ;
(Bm =1.5Wb/m2 )
WINDOW DIMENSION As the iron area of the leg Ai and the window area Aw =
(height of the window Hw x Width of the window Ww)
increases the size of the transformer also increases. The
size of the transformer increases as the output of the
transformer increases.
WINDOW SPACE FACTOR Window space factor is defined as the ratio of copper area in the
window to the area of the window. That is
Kw=11/(30+kVhv);
Kw=0.33
For single phase core type transformer
kVA= 2.22 f**Ai*Bm*Aw*Kw x 10-3
Aw=320.4 cm2;
In order to limit the leakage reactance of the transformer, H w is
made more than Ww. In practice Hw / Wwlies between 2.5 and 3.5.
By assuming Hw/Ww=3. we get Hw=31 cm & Ww= 10.33 cm.
YOKE DESIGNThe purpose of the yoke is to connect the legs providing a least
reluctance path. In order to limit the iron loss in the yoke, operating flux
density is reduced by increasing the yoke area. Generally, yoke area is
made 20% more than the leg area. So Area of yoke=1.2*area of limb.
Flux density in yoke =1.25Wb/m2
Net area of yoke = 1.2*area of limb = 170.4 cm2
Gross area of yoke = net area of yoke/0.9 = 189.33 cm 2
Whenever the yoke area is different from the leg area, yoke can consider
to be of rectangular type.
Taking depth(Dy)=a=12.56cm
Hy (Height of the yoke) =189.33/12.56
Hy (Height of the yoke)
=15.07cm
DIMENSION OF FRAME-
= Hw + 2Hy
= 61.14cm
Length (width) of the frame (W) = Ww +d +a
Depth of the frame (Dy)
=40.65 cm
=a=12.56 cm
= 3.3kV
= 4.73 V
= 3300/4.73 700 turns
= 35/3.3 = 10.60A
= 1.4 A/mm2
=10.60/1.4=7.57 mm2
For this value of cross-sectional area we are using copper wire of SWG=10
Specification of SWG(10) copper wire :
Diameter of bare conductor
Cross-sectional area
Mass per length
= 3.25 mm
= 8.30 mm2
= 74.1 gm/m
= 1.4A/mm2
= 106.06/1.4=75.75 mm2
For this value of cross-sectional area we are using copper wire of SWG=0000(4/0)
Specification of SWG{0000(4/0)} copper wire :
Diameter of bare conductor
Cross-sectional area
= 10.2 mm
= 81.1 mm2
= 31 cm
= 310/11 =28.18 turns
= total turns / turns in one layer
= 17.76+(3*1.1)=
=66.16 cm
= 66.16*73 48.3 m
= 723 gm/m
= 723*48.3 gm =34.92 kg
= 310/3.4 =91.17
= H*W*a
= Hw* Ww * a
TETHER DESIGN Tethered Aerostats are unmanned non rigid lighter than air
vehicles sometimes referred to as blimps. These
Aerostats remain anchored to the ground by tether cable.
This tether cable provides electrical power to the platforms
systems, as well as RADAR, infrared, CCTV, via fiber optics.
The tether cable can also act as the main tensile rope, this
involve the use of aramid fibers which act as the strength
member enabling the cable to withstand snatch loads of
several tones.
WEIGHT CALCULATION FOR TETHER Weight of ConductorWeight = 340.5 D2 GNK = lbs./1,000 ft.
Weight = 340.5 * (0.0114173)2 * 8.89 * 19 * 1.02=11.36
kg/km
Total weight of 4 conductor wire of 1.5km each=11.36
*4*1.5
=
68.2 kg
Weight of Insulation- Weight = 340.5 (D2 d2 ) G =
lbs./1,000 ft.
Weight = 340.5 * {(0.1312)2 (0.05708)2} *2.15= 15.2
Weight of jacket After the use of four layers of strengthening material diameter under
jacket becomes 21mm. we use polyurethane for the jacket material
which has specific gravity of 1.12.
Weight
D