Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Y ( s ) L y (t ) e st y (t )dt
0
Pierre-Simon Laplace
(1749 - 1827)
La transformada de Laplace
Sea f(t) una funcin definida para t 0, su
transformada de Laplace se define como:
L{ f (t )} F ( s ) f (t ) e dt
st
s t
Notacin:
f (t )dt lim e
h
s t
f (t )dt
L f (t ) F ( s ),
L y (t ) Y ( s ),
L x(t ) X ( s ), etc.
4
L{ f (t )} F ( s ) f (t ) e st dt
0
| f (t ) | Me at , t [0, )
Es decir, f(t) es de orden exponencial en el infinito:
b tq lim | f (t )e bt | 0
t
Entonces:
L{f(t)} = F(s) existe s > a.
1 st
L 1 F ( s ) 1e dt e
0
s
st
e e
( a ib )t
st
at ibt
e e
a 0, Re s 0
1
f ( t ) 1 F ( s ) , Re s 0.
s
Nota: Obviamente L{a} = a/s y L{0} = 0.
6
L t n F (s)
st
n st
ne
t e dt t
s
st
e
nt n 1
dt
s
n n 1 st
n
t e dt L t n 1
s 0
s
n
L t L t n 1
s
1
0
L t
s
n
n!
L t n 1
s
n!
f (t ) t F ( s) n1 Re s 0
s
n
F (s)
Le
1 s 1 t
e
s 1
e e dt e
t st
s 1 t
dt
s 1
1
Re s 1
f (t ) e F ( s)
s 1
t
L Ae F ( s) Ae e dt Ae
at
at st
A s a t
e
(s a)
s a t
dt
, sa
sa
A
f ( t ) Ae F ( s )
, Re{ s } a
sa
at
st
e
cos(
at
)
s
s
a2
a2
1 2 I 2 ;
s
s
st
e
sen(at )e dt sen( at )
s
st
e st
a sen(at ) dt a2 a2
s
s
s
e st
a cos(at )
dt
s
sen( at )e st dt
a
I 2
s a2
f (t ) sen(at )
a
F (s) 2
s a2
Re s 0
e iat e iat
sen ( at )
2i
L sen ( at ) F ( s )
1
2i
s ia t
s ia t
s ia t
s ia e
e iat e iat st
e dt
2i
e s ia t dt
1 e
e
2i s ia s ia
1
2i s 2 a 2
1
2i s 2 a 2
s ia t
s ia t
1 e
e
2i s ia
s ia
s ia e
s ia t
s ia t
2ia
a
s ia s ia
2
2
2
2i s a
s a2
11
F (s)
L e
iat
1
s ia t
e
s ia
e e dt e
iat st
s ia t
dt
1 s ia s ia
2
s ia s ia s a
s
a
L
cos(
at
)
iL
sen
(
at
)
2
2
2
2
s a
s a
12
0 if t c
u (t c)
1 if t c
1
L u (t c) e
s t
lim
1
s
s t h
c
lim
cc
u (t c )dt lim e
h
1
s
(e
s h
s c
s t
dt
)e
s c
s
13
Observemos que
f (t )
rea = 1
1/
a a
(t a) lim 0 f (t )
as
( a ) s
s
1 e
e
as 1 e
L f (t )
s
s
s
s
e
se
as
as
as
lim 0 L f (t ) e lim 0
e
lim
e
0
s
s
14
L (t a ) e
L (t ) 1
as
(t )
(t a)
15
Funciones peridicas
Supongamos que f (t) es una funcin peridica de periodo T.
Entonces:
1
F ( s ) L f (t )
F1 ( s )
sT
1 e
donde F1(s) es la transformada de Laplace de la funcin f(t)
sobre el primer periodo y cero fuera.
T
F1 ( s ) e
st
f (t )dt
T
t
16
Demostracin
F ( s ) e st f (t )dt
0
e st f (t )dt e st f (t )dt
e
st
f (t )dt e
s ( T )
f ( T )d ,
t T
e st f (t )dt e sT e s f ( )d
T
st
f (t )dt e
sT
F ( s)
17
1
F ( s)
F (s)
2 as 1
1 e
2a
2a
F1 ( s ) e
0
st
2a
1 as 2 as
f (t )dt e dt e e
s
a
st
e as e 2 as
1
F (s)
2 as
s (1 e ) s (1 e as )
18
1
1
s
1
s2
n!
1
t
tn
e
at
n 1
1
sa
sen t
cos t
e at sen t
e at cos t
t n e at
s2 2
s
s2 2
s a 2
2
sa
s a 2
2
n!
s a
n 1
19
20
21
22
23
24
1 i
st
L {F ( s )} f (t )
F ( s )e ds, t 0
2i i
1
25
1 i
st
L {F ( s )} f (t )
F
(
s
)
e
ds, t 0
2i i
Im(s)
(1) lim F ( s ) 0
s
(2) lim sF ( s )
s
26
1
L
2
( s 1)
1
C
2i
2i ( s 1)
R
C1
-1
=0
-R
1 iR e st
1
e st
ds
2
2
2i C1 ( s 1)
Re(s) 2i iR ( s 1)
Haciendo R y utilizando
teora de residuos:
0 por la desigualdad ML
cuando R con t0.
e st
2i
d st
1
t
1
Res
lim e te L
2
2
s
1
s
1
2i
ds
( s 1)
( s 1)
27
L1{F ( s )} Res e st F ( s )
k 1
s sk
( s 1)( s 2)
t>0
b
1
L1 g ( s )
lim g ( s )e st ds
2i bi
Respuesta.
f ( s ) g ( s )e
s 1
s 2
st
s=-1
s=-2
Re(s)
Res g ( s ) e t
s -1
Res g ( s ) 2e 2t
s - 2
I 2i Res f ( s ) Res f ( s) , t 0
t<0
s -1
I 0, t 0
s - 2
L1 g ( s ) e t 2e 2t , t 0
L1 g ( s ) 0, t 0
29
Ejemplo, determinar:
1
f (t ) L
2
( s 2)( s 1)
1
st
e
e F ( s)
( s 2)( s 1) 2
posee dos polos, uno simple y otro doble : s1 2 y s 2 1.
st
e st
e st
f (t ) Res
Res
2
2
s 2 ( s 2)( s 1)
s 1 ( s 2)( s 1)
e st
d e st
e 2t 3te t e t
lim
lim
2
s 2 ( s 1)
s 1 ds s 2
9
30
1
L
2
(
s
1
)(
s
2
)
Respuesta.
1
g (s)
, s C
2
( s 1)( s 2)
b i
1
1
L g ( s )
lim
g ( s )e st ds
2i b i
e st
s = -1, s = 2, puntos singulares
f (s)
2
aislados de f
( s 1)( s 2)
31
Para valores de t 0,
2
f ( s )ds 2i Res f ( s )
R 1
sR
Im (s)
s=-1
s=2
Re (s)
1 : C
2 : C
32
Residuo en s = -1
1
e st
1
f ( s)
(s)
2
1 s ( s 2)
1 s
1 t
Res f ( s ) (1) e
s -1
9
Residuo en s = 2
1
e st
1
f ( s)
(s)
2
2
( s 2) s 1 ( s 2)
1 2t 1 2t
Res f ( s ) (2) te e
s2
3
9
33
s 2
1 2t
1 t
2t
1 f (s)ds 2i 9 e e 3 te
1 t
2t
2t
lim f ( s )ds 2i e e 3te
1
9
34
lim
1 t
1
2t
2t
L
e 3te e , t 0
2
( s 1)( s 2) 9
1
st
e
f ( s )ds lim
ds
2
b i ( s 1)( s 2)
b i
35
f ( s )ds 2i Res f ( s ) 0
sR
L g ( s ) 0, t 0
1
36
Propiedades
1. Linealidad: Si c1 y c2 son constantes, f1(x) y
f2(x) son funciones cuyas transformadas de
Laplace son F1(x) y F2(x), respectivamente;
entonces:
L{c1 f1 (t ) c2 f 2 (t )} c1 F1 ( s ) c2 F2 ( s ).
La transformada de Laplace es un operador lineal.
37
Demostracin:
L c1 f1 (t ) c2 f 2 (t )
c
f
(
t
)
c
f
(
t
)
e
1
1
2
2
0
st
dt
c1 f1 (t )e dt c2 f 2 (t )e dt
0
st
st
c1 L f1 (t ) c2 L f 2 (t )
38
2. Desplazamiento temporal
st
F ( s ) e f (t ) dt
f (t t0 ), t t0
g (t ) f (t )u (t t0 )
, t t0
0
st
X ( s ) e f (t t0 )u (t t0 )dt
0
t t0
st
f (t t0 )dt
t0
st 0
L{ f (t )} F ( s )
L{ f (t )u (t t0 )} e
st 0
F (s)
f ( )d
e st0 F ( s )
39
Ejemplo:
3 s
1 e
L 3
s
2
L t 3
s
2
L (t 3) u (t 3) e
2
3 s
2
s3
3 s
e
1
1
2
L 3 (t 3) u (t 3)
2
s
t
40
3. Desplazamiento en frecuencias
L{ f (t )} F ( s )
F ( s ) e st f (t )dt
L{e at f (t )} F ( s a )
X (s) e e
st at
f (t )dt e
( s a )t
f (t )dt
F (s a)
Ejemplo:
1
L t 2
s
L te
at
2
( s a)
41
F (s) e
st
f (t )dt
X ( s ) e st f (at )dt
L{ f (t )} F ( s )
1 s
L{ f (at )} F
a a
1 ( s / a )
e
f ( )d
a0
at
(1 / a ) F ( s / a )
42
F ( s) e
st
f (t )dt
d
d st
F ( s)
e f (t )dt
ds
ds
st
F ( s ) L{ f (t )}
F ( s ) L tf (t )
tf (t ) dt
L tf (t )
43
L{ f ' (t )} sF ( s ) f (0)
donde f(0) es el valor de f(t) en t = 0.
La transformada de Laplace de la segunda derivada
de una funcin est dada por:
44
En forma similar:
L{ f ( n ) (t )} s n F ( s ) s n 1 f (0) s n 2 f ' (0) f ( n 1) (0)
Demostracin:
L f ' (t ) e
st
f ' (t )dt e
f ( 0) s e
st
lim e st f (t ) 0
st
f (t ) se
0
st
f (t )dt
f (t )dt sF ( s ) f (0)
45
Supongamos que:
L{ f ( n 1) (t )} s n 1 F ( s ) s n 2 f (0) s n 3 f ' (0) f ( n 2 ) (0)
Entonces:
lim e st f ( n 1) (t ) 0
t
L f ( n ) (t ) e st f ( n ) (t )dt e st f ( n 1) (t ) se st f ( n 1) (t )dt
L a 2 f (t ) s 2 F ( s ) s 1 0
a 2 L f (t ) a 2 F ( s ) s 2 F ( s ) s
s
F (s) 2
s a2
47
48
49
(n)
e d
n t
Ln (t )
(t e ), n 0,1,2...
n
n! dt
Respuesta.
1
Le
g ( s ), Re( s ) 1
s 1
n
(
1
)
n!
n!
n t
n (n)
n
L t e (1) g ( s ) (1)
n 1
( s 1)
( s 1) n 1
t
50
f (t ) t e
n
L
f
(
t
)
s
L
f
(
t
)
n
dt
(n)
n 1
(n)
f ( 0) s
n2
f (0) ... f
d
n t
(t e )
0,
n
dt
t 0
( n 1)
(0)
n 0,1,2...
51
d
n! s
n t
L
(
t
e
)
h
(
s
)
n
n 1
( s 1)
dt
(n)
e t d ( n ) n t
1
L
(t e ) h( s 1)
n
n!
n! dt
e d
( s 1)
n t
L
(t e ) n 1 ,
n
s
n! dt
(n)
Re( s ) 1
52
y " 3 y ' 4 y t u (t 1)
y (0) 1, y '(0) 2
Resolver para
y(t)
Y ( s ) *( s 3s 4) ( s 1)
2
s 1
s 2 e s
Resolver para
Y(s)
Ec. Diferencial
Transformada de
Laplace
Ec. Algebraica
( s 1) ( s e 1) e
Y (s)
2
2
s ( s 3s 4)
2
y encontramos la transformada
inversa de Laplace de la solucin, Y(s),
encontraremos la solucin de la ec.
diferencial.
Ec. Algebraica
Inversa de la
Transformada
de Laplace
Solucin de la
Ec. Diferencial
La transformada inversa de
Laplace de:
( s 1) ( s e 1) e
Y (s)
2
2
s ( s 3s 4)
2
y (t ) u (t 1)( e +
3e 4
80
2
5e
t 4
(e ) t )
t 4
u (t )( e (e ) )
2
5
es
3
5
1
4
3
16
De modo que:
y (t ) u (t 1)( e +
3e4
80
2
5e
t 4
(e ) 14 t 163 )
t 4
u (t )( e (e ) )
2
5
3
5
y " 3 y ' 4 y t u (t 1)
y (0) 1, y '(0) 2
L cf (t ) g (t ) = c L f (t ) + L g (t ) ,
L
cF ( s) G ( s) = c L F (s) + L G ( s)
1
-1
f ' (t ) 2 f (t ) e 3t
(t 0 y f (0) 4)
f ' (t ) 2 f (t ) e 3t 0 ; L{ f ' (t ) 2 f (t ) e 3t } 0
L{ f ' (t )} 2 L{ f (t )} L{e 3t } 0
1
( sF ( s ) f (0)) 2 F ( s )
0
s3
1
sF ( s ) 4 2 F ( s )
0
s3
5
1
F ( s)
f (t ) 5e 2t e 3t
s2 s3
Ejemplo
sin t 0 t
,
Resolver y y
t
0
y (0) y(0) 0
s Y ( s ) Y ( s ) L sin t u (t ) sin t
L sin t u (t ) sin(t )
2
1
e s
2
2
s 1 s 1
1
e s
Y ( s) 2
2
2
( s 1) ( s 1) 2
y (t )
1
2
62
Ejemplo:
Resolver y 3 y 2 y (t 1), y(0) y (0) 0
s 2Y ( s ) 3sY ( s ) 2Y ( s ) e s
1
1
1
s
Y (s) e 2
e
s 3s 2
s
1
s
y (t ) u (t 1) e (t 1) e 2( t 1)
63
F ( s) e
st
f (t )dt
1
F (s)
f (u )du L{ f (t )}
s
s
X ( s) e
0
st
f ( )d dt
1 st
f ( )d e
s
1
F ( s)
s
1 st
e f (t )dt
s0
64
Respuesta.
f (t ) u cosh(6u ) sinh(8u ) du
3
g (u )du
0
1
L f L g
s
65
6t
6 t
8t
8t
e
e
e
e
3
3
g (t ) t cosh(6t ) sinh(8t ) t
2
2
1 14t
g (t ) e e 2t e 2t e 14t
4
n zt
Lt e
n!
, Re( s ) Re( z )
n 1
(s z)
1
3!
3!
3!
3!
L g
4
4
4
4
4 ( s 14)
( s 2)
( s 2)
( s 14)
3
1
1
1
1
L f
4
4
4
4
2 s ( s 14)
( s 2)
( s 2)
( s 14)
66
F (s)
f (u )du
s
f (t )
L
s F (u )du
t
con F ( s ) L f (t )
67
sin t
f (t )
t
st
e
st
(sin t )e dt sin t
s
L sin t F ( s )
1
e st
1 1
sin t
dt 2 2 sin t e st dt
s
s s 0
st
e
cos t
s
s
e st
cos t
dt
s
1
1
1
1
1 2 I 2 ; I
F ( s)
2
2
s
s
1
s
1
f (t )
Ahora, empleando : L
s F (u )du
t
sin t
L
du arctan u s arctan s
s
2
1 u
2
t
68
9. TF de f(t)cos(at) y f(t)sen(at)
Si g (t ) f (t ) cos(at )
Si g (t ) f (t ) sen(at )
Ejemplo:
1
g (t ) sen(at )
t
F ( s ia ) F ( s ia )
G ( s)
2
con a
i F ( s ia ) F ( s ia )
G( s)
2
con a
a
a
2
2
2
2
(
s
ia
)
a
(
s
ia
)
a
sen(at ) st
G (s)
e dt
t
2
0
i
a
a
i 2
2
2
s i 2a s i 2a 2a
2
s 4 4a 2
69
lim t f (t ) lim s0 sF ( s )
11. Teorema del valor inicial
El valor inicial f(0) de la funcin f(t) cuya
transformada de Laplace es F(s), es:
Recordemos que
la operacin
como la convolucin de f1 (t ) y
denota como f1 (t ) * f 2 (t ).
f 2 (t ),
y se
L{ f1 (t ) * f 2 (t )} F1 ( s ) F2 ( s )
L{ f1 (t ) * f 2 (t )} L{ f1 (t )} L{ f 2 (t )}
71
f (t ) * g (t )
f ( ) g (t )d , t 0
0,
t0
f (t ) * g (t ) f ( ) g (t )d ,
0
(t 0)
72
1
1
1 1
t
L 2
s s 1
s ( s 1)
1
e d e t 1
t
73
L{ f1 (t ) * f 2 (t )} L{ f1 (t )} L{ f 2 (t )}
Ejemplo: Verificar que funciona para f(t) = t y g(t) = e-2t
con valores 0 para
t < 0.
t
f (t ) * g (t ) f ( ) g (t )d e 2 (t ) d
2t
t
1
e
2t
2
e e d
0
2 4
4
t
1
1
2t
L{t} 2 ; L{e }
s
( s 2)
1 1
1
2
2
s ( s 2) s ( s 2)
t 1 e 2t
L
4
2 4
1
1
1
L{t} L{1} L{e 2t }
2
4
4
1 1 11 1 1
2
2s
4 s 4 ( s 2)
1
s 2 ( s 274
)
y y sin t
y (0) 1
y(0) 0
Respuesta.
L y Y ( s ); L y s L y sy (0) y(0) s Y ( s) s
1
L sin t
2
1 s
75
2
Transformada de la ecuacin:
1
L y y L sin t Y ( s 1) s
2
1 s
2
s
1
s
1
1
1
Y (s) 2
y (t ) L 2 L
2
2
2
2
s 1 s 1
s 1
s 1
s
L 2 cos t
s 1
1
1
1
1
1
L
L 2
sin
t
sin
t
2
2
2
s
1
s
s 1
1
76
1 t
1
t
(cos(2u t ) cos t )du sin t cos t
2 0
2
2
1
t
y (t ) cos t sin t cos t
2
2
77
Resolver la ec.integro-diferencial:
t
d
x(t ) 4 (t s ) x( s )ds e t ; x(0) 1
0
dt
d
d t
d
t
x(t ) 4 (t s) x( s )ds e ; L
x(t ) 4 L
h(t ) L{et }
dt
dt 0
dt
dt
t*x (t )h (t )
1
sX ( s ) x(0) 4 sL{h(t )} h(0)
s 1
1
sX ( s ) 1 4 s L{t * x(t )} 0
;
s 1
L{t }L{ x ( t )} 1 X ( s )
s2
4
1
sX ( s) 1 X ( s )
s
s 1
78
4
1
sX ( s ) 1 X ( s )
s
s 1
2
s
X (s)
( s 1)( s 2)( s 3)
1 1
1
1 1
X (s)
3 s 1 s 2 3 s 2
Antitransformando:
1 t
1 2t
2t
x(t ) e e e
3
3
79
t
d
3( t u )
x
(
t
)
e
x
(
u
)
du
(
t
3
)
dt
x(0) 0
Respuesta.
d
3( t u )
x(u )du (t 3)
x(t ) 0 e
dt
h (t )
80
3t
1
L h(t ) L f (t ) L x(t )
X ( s)
s 3
3 s
3 s
L (t 3) e L (t ) e
81
X (s)
( s 3)e 3 s
X (s)
s ( s 4)
s
3 s
s
e ,
s 3
X (s) e
4 4
s 4
s
3 s
3 s
3 s
3 1 e
1 1 e
1
L X ( s ) L
L
4
4
s
s 4
3
1 4 ( t 3)
x(t ) H (t 3) e
4
4
82
N ( s ) an s n an 1s n 1 a0
F (s)
m
D( s )
s bm 1s m 1 b0
Races del denominador D(s) o polos de F(s):
Caso I Polos reales simples
Caso II Polos reales mltiples
(s a)
2
( s a)
mltiples
83
( s a)
A
sa
Ejemplo
N (s)
s 1
s 1
F ( s)
3 2
D ( s ) s s 6 s s ( s 2)( s 3)
A
B
C
s s2 s3
84
s 1
A
B
C
F ( s)
s ( s 2)( s 3) s s 2 s 3
N (s)
A ( s a)
D
(
s
)
A
s 1
s
( s 2)( s 3)
s 1
B
s2
s
(
s
3
)
s2
s 1
C
s3
s ( s 2) s 3
s 0
s a
6
3
10
2
15
85
s 1
A
B
C
3
2
s s 6s s s 2 s 3
A( s 2)( s 3) Bs ( s 3) Cs ( s 2)
s ( s 2)( s 3)
s 1 A( s 2)( s 3) Bs ( s 3) Cs ( s 2)
s 1
(
s
2
)(
s
3
)
A
s 0
mtodo
alternativo
s 1 A( s 2 s 6) B( s 2 3s ) C ( s 2 2 s )
s 2 ( A B C ) s ( A 3B 2C ) (6 A)
A B C 0;
A 3B 2C 1; 6 A 1
y resolver...
86
s 1
F ( s) 3 2
s s 6s
A
B
C
s s2 s3
1 1
3 1
2 1
6 s 10 s 2 15 s 3
1 3 2 t 2 3t
f (t ) e e
6 10
15
87
Otro ejemplo
2s 2 7 s 3
2s 2 7 s 3
F (s) 2
s 1 s 1 s 2 s 1 s 1 s 2
2s 2 7 s 3
A
(
s
1
)(
s
2
)
s 1
2s 2 7 s 3
B
(
s
1
)(
s
2
)
273
2
(2)(3)
s 1
2s 2 7 s 3
C
(
s
1
)(
s
1
)
8 14 3
1
(3)(1)
s 2
273
1
(2)(1)
f (t ) e t 2e t e 2t
88
( s a)
A
B
2
( s a) ( s a)
Ejemplo
N ( s)
s 4s 4
A B
C
D
F (s)
2
2
D( s ) s ( s 2)( s 1) s
s s 2 s 1
3
Polos reales
mltiples
Polos reales
simples
89
N (s)
A ( s a)
D( s)
s a
2 N (s)
B
( s a)
D( s)
ds
s a
s 4s 4
F ( s) 2
s ( s 2)( s 1)
3
A
2
s
B
s
s 3 4s 2 4
( s 2)( s 1) s 0
d s 3 4s 2 4
ds ( s 2)( s 1)
2
3
s 0
90
s 3 4s 2 4
F (s) 2
s ( s 2)( s 1)
A B
C
D
2
s
s s 2 s 1
1
1 1 1
2 2 3
s
s
s
2
s
f (t ) 2t 3 e 2t e t
91
F s
D s s p1 s p2 s pn
r
br
br 1
b1
a2
a3
an
r
r 1
s p1 s p2 s p3
s pn
s p1 s p1
br [ F ( s )( s p1 ) r ]s p1
d
[ F ( s )( s p1 ) r ]
ds
br 1
br j
s p1
br j
1 dj
r
[ F ( s )( s p1 ) ]
j
j! ds
1 d
r
F s s p1
j
j! ds
s p1
ai F s s pi s pi
s p1
1 d r 1
r
b1
[ F ( s )( s p1 ) ]
r 1
(r 1)! ds
s p1
92
conjugados complejos
ejemplo
*
4
A
B
B
,
2
*
s ( s 4) s s a s a
4
s 2 4
s 0
4
B
s
(
s
2
i
)
4
B
s
(
s
2
i
)
s 2i
s 2 i
a 2i
1 1 1
1
*
s 2 sa sa
( s a )( s a )
*
2
1
x(t ) 1 cos(2t )
93
ejemplo
s4
B
B*
,
2
*
s 6 s 25 s a s a
a 3 4i
s4
1
B
(4 i )
8
s 3 4i s 3 4i
1
s4
*
B
(4 i )
s 3 4i s 3 4i 8
f (t ) 2 B e t cos(t )
donde
1
17
B (4 i ), B
,
8
8
3, 4, 0.245
17 3t
f (t )
e cos(4t 0.245)
4
94
(s a)(s a )
*
95
Laplace.
2u e t sen(2t ) 3 t
dt 2 dt
u (0) 0;
u (0) 2
L u u 2u L e sen(2t ) 3 t
2
L u L u 2 L u L e sen(2t ) 3L t
2
s
2
2
s 2 L u 2 sL u 2 L u
3
e
2
s 1 4
s
2
s 2 s 2 L u 2
3e 2
2
s 1 4
s
2
s 2 s 1 L u 2
3e 2
2
s 1 4
96
s
2
2
3
2
L u
2
s 2 s 1 s 1 4 s 2 s 1 s 2 s 1
28 1
5 1
1
2
3
s
L u
2
2
39 s 2 6 s 1 13 s 1 4 26 s 1 4
1 2 s
1 2 s
e
e
s2
s 1
2
28 2t 5 t 1 t
3 t
u (t ) e e e sen(2t ) e cos(2t ) e
39
6
13
26
t
2
t
2
97
1 3 8t
L t e e 2 t e 2 t e 8 t
4
1
L t 3 e 8 t L t 3 e 2 t L t 3 e 2 t L t 3 e 8 t
4
3!
L t 3et
s a 4
1
3!
3!
3!
3!
L f (t )
4
4
4
4
4 s 8
s 2 s 2 s 8
3
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
2 s 8
s 2 s 2 s 8 4
98