WELCOME

NAME- KISHOR T.
GHEGAD
ROLL NO-2663
CLASS-S.E.(MECH.)

SEMINAR ON

HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS

(TTT,CCT & CCR)

INTRODUCTION

The heat treatment is a very broad term

and includes any heating and cooling
operations or any sequence of heat of two
or more such operation applied to any
material in order to modify its internal
structure or to alter its physical, mechanical
or chemical properties. Heat treatment is
carried out by heating the material to some
specific temperature, holding at that
temperature for a define period and cooling
to room temperature or below room
temperature with a definite rate.

HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL:-

The heat treatment is a very

broad term and includes
any heating and cooling
operation or any sequence
of two or more such
operation.

OBJECTIVE OF HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL:-

1) TO INCREASE HARDNESS, WEAR AND ABRASION RESISTANCE.

2) TO REMOVE INTERNAL STRESSES.
3) TO INCREASE MACHINABILITY.
4) TO REFINE GRAIN STRUCTURE.
5) TO CHANGE THE COMPOSITION OF STEEL.

TTTDIAGRAMS

TTT diagram stands for time-temperaturetransformation diagram. It is also called isothermal

transformation diagram

Definition: TTT diagrams give the kinetics of

isothermal transformations.

TIME TEMPERATURE TRASFORMATION (TTT) DIAGRAM:-

The iron-iron carbide equilibrium diagram is having

little value in the study of the steels cooled under non
equilibrium conditions. It has been found in the study of
steel that, Austenite is unstable below the lower critical
temperature A1.Below A1 temperature austenite may
transform to pearlite, bainite or martensite, It is
necessary to know that, How these transformation
occurred. To study the transformation of austenite,
eutectoid composition of 0.8% carbon steel bar is cut
into large number of specimens

Fig. TTT diagram for eutectoid steel

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION (CCT) DIAGRAM:-

A cooling curve is determine

experimentally by placing a
thermocouple at a definite location in
steel sample and then measuring the
variation of temperature with time.
Since the coordinates of the TTT and
CCT diagram are same those for a
cooling curve. It is possible to
superimpose variation cooling curve on
them.

Fig. Continuous cooling transformation (CCT)

CRITICAL COOLING RATE (CCR)

When cooling curve tangent to the nose of TTT

curve, it is called as critical cooling rate(CCR).
CCR can be defined by two ways The slowest
cooling rate at which unstable austenite can be
transformed into martensite.
or
The faster cooling rate or within minimum time at
which unstable austenite can be transformed into
perlite.

FACTOR AFFECTING ON COOLING RATE:-

(1) Carbon content.

(2) Austenite temperature.
(1) Carbon content:With higher carbon content or alloying element,
decrease critical cooling rate and shift TTT curve towards
right. It rated the transformation of austenite to perlite or
bainite.
(2) Austenite temperature:Higher the austenitic temperature, it will coarsen
the structure and make it softer. Higher austenitic
temperature gives lower critical cooling time and increase
CCR.

REFERENCE:-

1) Material technology textbook by

S.B. BARVE
2) http://www.slideshare.net
3)http://www.chegg.com
4)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotherma
l_transformation_diagram

Thank you