UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE DURANGO

Facultad de Medicina
Lic. Medicina General

SKELETAL SYSTEM
ASIGNATURA:

MEDICAL ENGLISH I
TOPIC:
DOCENTE:

EDNA SAM PEREZ

ALUMNOS:
GABRIELA MONDACA, CLAUDIA A. GAXIOLA,
ANGELES VALLE RODRGUEZ y JAIME R.
CASTRO AGUIRRE

INTRODUCTION
The skeletal system includes all of the bones and joints in the body.
Each bone is a complex living organ that is made up of many cells,
protein fibers, and minerals.
The skeleton acts as a scaffold by providing support and protection
for the soft tissues that make up the rest of the body.
The skeletal system also provides attachment points for muscles to
allow movements at the joints.
New blood cells are produced by the red bone marrow inside of our
bones.

BONES OF HEAD
The bones of the head and neck play the vital role of

supporting the brain, sensory organs, nerves, and blood

vessels of the head and protecting these structures from
mechanical damage.

Movements of these bones by the attached muscles of the

head provide for facial expressions, eating, speech, and head

movement.

THE MOST IMPORTANT BONES OF THE

HEAD ARE:

Frontal (Turquoise) Sphenoid (Beige)

Parietal (Fuchsia) Maxilar (Purple)
(Purple
Temporal (Purple- Lacrimal
Dark)

Brown)
Occipital (Green)
Ethmoid (Brown)

Zygomatic (Green)

FRONTAL

The Frontal bone consists of three portions.

These are thesquamous part, theorbital part,

and the nasal part, making up the bony part of
theforehead,

Part of the bonyorbital cavityholding the eye,

and
part
of
the
bony
part
of
thenoserespectively.

PARIETAL

The parietal bone, are two bones in

thehumanskullwhich, when joined together
at afibrous joint, form the sides and roof of
thecranium.

Each bone is roughly quadrilateral in form, and

has two surfaces, four borders, and four
angles.

TEMPORAL

Thetemporal bonesare situated at the sides

and base of theskull, and lateral to
thetemporal lobesof thecerebral cortex.

The temporal bones are overlaid by the sides

of the head known as thetemplesand house
the structures of theears.

The lower sevencranial nervesand the major

vessels to and from thebraintraverse the
temporal bone.

OCCIPITAL

The Occipital Bone is the mainboneof

theocciput, situated at the back and lower
part of theskull.

It is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself.

It is pierced by a large oval opening,

theforamen magnum, through which
thecranial cavitycommunicates with
thevertebral canal.

ETHMOID

The Ethmoid bone is an unpairedbonein

theskullthat separates thenasal cavityfrom
thebrain.

It is located at the roof of thenose, between

the twoorbits.

The cubical bone is lightweight due to a

spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one
of the bones that make up the orbit of the eye.

SPHENOID

The Sphenoid bone is an unpairedboneof

theneurocranium.

It is situated in the middle of theskull towards the

front, in front of thetemporal boneand thebasilar
part of the occipital bone.

The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that

articulate to form theorbit.

Its shape somewhat resembles that of

abutterflyorbatwith its wings extended.

MAXILAR

The Maxilar (Maxilla) bone is the

upperjawboneformed from the fusion of two
maxillarybones.

The upper jaw includes thepalateof

themouth.

The two maxillary bones are fused at the inter

maxillary suture.

This is similar to themandible(lower jaw),

which is also a fusion of two mandibular bones
at themandibular symphysis.

LACRIMAL

The Lacrimal Bone is the smallest and most

fragileboneof the face; roughly the size of the
little fingernail.

It is situated at the front part of the medial wall

of theorbit.

It has two surfaces and four borders. Several

bony landmarks of the lacrimal bone function
in the process of lacrimation or crying.

ZYGOMATIC

The Zigomatic bone is a paired bone which

articulates with themaxilla, the temporal
bone, thesphenoid bone and thefrontal bone.

It is situated at the upper and lateral part of

the face and forms the prominence of
thecheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of
theorbit, and parts of the temporal and
infratemporal fossa.

BONES TRUNK
At the head follows the thorax. This consists of 24 ribs.
All ribs are joined behind the spine. Ahead, join the sternum only 20 of them,
with a special fabric that is softer than bone and cartilage called. United thus
ribs form a protective cage to the heart and lungs.
In the upper chest, on both sides, they are clavicles and scapulae ahead
behind.
Clavicles join the top of the sternum one end. Their other ends are attached to
the blades, forming shoulders, arms birthing.
The clavicle and scapula, which serve to support the upper extremities.
The ribs protect the lungs, forming the ribcage

Clavicle

Cervical

vertebrae
1st thoracic
vertebra

Scapula

Breastbone

SPINAL COLUMN
The spine is the axis of the skeleton, is a pillar tough
but flexible.
All the bones are attached to it directly or indirectly.
The spine is made up of small bones, which are called
vertebrae.
In humans the spinal column consists of 33 vertebrae,
which are, by their number and location:
7 cervical (named Atlas 1st and 2nd Axis)
12 thoracic or chest
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal

BONES OF THE
SUPPER LIMB

SCAPULA
Is thebonethat connects thehumerus(upper arm bone) with
theclavicle(collar bone).

ARM
Thehumerusis one of the threelong bonesof the arm. It

joins with thescapulaat theshoulder jointand with the other

long bones of the arm, theulnaandradiusat theelbow joint.

FOREARM
Theforearmrefers to the region of theupper limbbetween

theelbowand thewrist.
The forearm contains two longbones, theradiusand theulna,
forming theradioulnar joint

HAND
The skeleton of the hand has 27 bones
The bones of the hand provide support and
flexibility to the soft tissues.
Its located at the end of theforearm.

They can be divided

intothreecategories:
Carpal bones(Most proximal) A
set of eight irregularly shaped
bones. These are located in the
wrist area.
Metacarpals There are five
metacarpals.
Phalanges(Most distal) The
bones of the fingers. Each finger
has three phalanges, except for the
thumb, which has two.

LOWER LIMB
The lower limb is one of the two ends that are attached to the trunk
through the pelvis and the hip joint.

It is going from the pelvis to the distal phalanges of the foot

The bones that make up the lower limb are:

Thigh
Coxal
Femur
Patella

Leg
Tibia
Fibula

Foot
Astragalus
calcaneus
Scaphoid
Cuboid
First cuneiform
Second cuneiform
Third cuneiform
Phalanges(proximal, middle and distal)

QUESTIONS