Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Training on
Vector groups of Transformer
Presented By: Vinod J. Patel
Electrical and I&C De
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Symbol Description
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Description of Dy11
The most popular method of connecting
transformer is the delta-star connections (4,
Dy11). The connection diagram illustrates
the relative position of the terminals in the
terminal box and the internal connections
that are made. The HV winding is
connected to a 3-wire supply, of phase
sequence A, B, C, and at the instant chosen
the potential of A is at its maximum
positive value. Thus the line voltages on the
HV side will form an equilateral triangle.
Electrical and I&C De
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Description of Dy11
The line terminals are A2, B2 and C2 and
the corners of the triangles are so
marked. It is to be noted that phase A of
the transformer lies between A2 and B2,
Phase B between B2 and C2 and phase C
between C2 and A2 owing to internal
connections used.
Electrical and I&C De
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Description of Dy11
From the phasor diagrams of induced
voltages for HV and LV sides it is
observed that the voltage of the HV line
A2 is at the maximum value, the LV line
a2 has been advanced 30 degree. In fact
the transformer connections have
produced this displacement of 30 degree
for all lines.
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Choice of Transformer
connections:
(A) Star-Star (Yy0 or Yy6) connections:
This type of transformer is most
economical for small current and high
voltage transformers. The advantages
and disadvantages of such arrangement
are as under.
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Arrangements of 3 phase
Transformer and connections
For high voltage Star Star connection is
preferred because the voltage stresses of the
winding to the ground with neutral grounded
are only 58% of the voltage stress to ground of
similar units connected delta to delta. When the
star to star connection is used for this purpose a
tertiary winding is provided to suppress the
third harmonic voltages which would otherwise
appear on the system.
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Arrangements of 3 phase
Transformer and connections
The tertiary is a third winding and is often used
in power transformers to provide station power
requirements or tie with synchronous
condenser.
The disturbances from harmonic voltages and
currents constitute one of the objections to this
use of Star-Star connected transformer.
Another objection in its use is that unbalanced
loads can not be carried on the secondary side
unless the primary neutral or fourth wire is
provided.
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Arrangements of 3 phase
Transformer and connections
Another objection is that it is practically
impossible to construct 3-single phase
units, or even a three phase unit, in which
the magnetizing currents of each of the
three windings are exactly identical. This
makes it impossible to have perfectly
balanced voltages in each of the three
windings of the star star connection.
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Harmonics:
A sinusoidal wave form of current or voltage
consists of only one frequency component
called fundamental. Such a sinusoidal
waveform does not contain harmonics of other
frequencies.
A non sinusoidal periodic waveform can be
considered to be composed of several sinusoidal
waveforms of fundamental frequencies and
other harmonic frequencies.
Harmonic currents cause additional I2R loss,
core loss, magnetic interference with protective
relays and interference in communication
circuits. Thus the harmonics should be avoided.
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Harmonics:
Harmonics are caused by high flux densities in
the core of power transformers. If the cross
section of core is insufficient, the core gets
saturated. The operating point is on the non
linear region of the B/H curve. Even if primary
voltage have sinusoidal waveform, the
secondary waveform may be non sinusoidal
because of magnetic core. If the core cross
section is inadequate, core gets saturated and
3rd harmonics are generally present in the
secondary waveform.
Harmonics are caused by operation of thyristor
controlled devices.
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