JOT2 - Learning

Theories

Elizabeth Morgan
Student ID:
000604647
Mentor: Lauren
Smith

Task A:
Learning Theories &
Learners
Constructivism, Cognitivism, Behaviorism

Behaviorism
Stimulus Response - Acquire
Knowledge

Reinforced behavior
Teacher transfers knowledge
to student by changing
environment.
Student is passive, receives
information.
Emphasis on observable and
measurable behaviors.

http://www.funderstanding.com/theory/behavio
rism/

Behaviorism
Research Instruction Example
Tour the Library
Discuss the Resources
Demonstrate the Databases

http://www.funderstanding.com/theory/behavio
rism/

Cognitivism
Mental Models - Organize
Knowledge

Teacher transfers
knowledge based on
learners existing
thinking stages.
Student is active learner
Links to prior knowledge
Demonstrations

https://mrsb899.wordpress.com/

Cognitivism
Research Instruction
Example
Videos, PowerPoints,
Lectures given on topic
while learners are using
computers to follow along
Search strategies are
discussed and worksheets
given out

https://mrsb899.wordpress.com/

Constructivism
Experiential - Build
Knowledge

Learning is an active
process of
constructing
knowledge.
Active learner
Teacher is facilitator
Research projects
Field Trips

http://happyedpsych2009.pbworks.com/w/page/4766454/Class
room%20Management

Constructivism
Research Instruction
Example
Learners could
experiment with
finding resources
before formal
instruction
Learners could work
in groups to formulate
a process for complete
the assignment

http://happyedpsych2009.pbworks.com/w/page/4766454/Class
room%20Management

Task B:
Learning Theory
Used in
Lesson Plan
9

Getting Started with Research

Learning Objectives:
Identify the steps in the research process
Develop a plan for a research paper
Recognize the iterative nature of the research process
Components:
Video-Research process
Video-How to narrow
topic
Quiz-Research process

Discussion Topics:
Assignment requirements
Controlled vocabulary

Activities:
Research Project Plan
and timeline
Controlled Vocabulary write our thesis, keywords,
and synonyms
Used database
10

Getting Started with Research

The Cognitivism Learning Theory is used in the sample lesson plan.
Concepts are transferred by teacher to learners through the use of:
Videos - visually explaining the research process
Organizational Strategies - brainstorm requirements such as time
spent on activities, preparation, background research for unfamiliar
concepts
Analogies - research process used in job search
Teacher shares tools available for research such as databases, research
project calculator, and templates.
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Task C:
Adaptation of Lesson
Plan
12

Getting Started with Research

The Behaviorism Learning Theory could be used in the sample lesson
plan by:
Concepts are transferred by teacher to learners through:
Instructional Cues - If student completes the list of vocabulary words
correctly, they would be assigned points.
Corrective Feedback - Students would perform database search and
instructor would give feedback on results.
Repetition - Teacher would assign a list of search terms and
guidelines, students would perform search with accuracy.
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Task D:
Lesson Plan
Discussion
14

Cognitivism Works Best for Research

Instruction
For students to be successful in the research
process:
Proper technique is important - teacher led
Practice and patience is needed - learner
Demonstrations of tools and search strategies
are necessary for transfer of knowledge
Examples of real world use facilitate retention15

Task E:
Effective Instruction
Through the Use of
Design Theories
16

Instructional design models help instructional

designers to make sense of abstract learning
theory and enable real world application.
An instructional design model provides structure
and meaning to an instructional design problem.
Many of them have common instructional design
principles and patterns.
(IDC, 2016)

17

Task F:
Design Theories
18

Wiggins Theory - Understanding by

Design
Strengths
Big Ideas/Concepts taught
- major events
Encourage deep level of
understanding even after
five years
Based on research and
classroom observation

Limitations
Factual Details not as
important - dates/names
Useful for larger units not individual, smaller
lessons.
Considerable time need
for observation/assessment
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Harvards Teaching for

Understanding
Strengths
Connecting current learner
knowledge with new
concepts
Develop and demonstrate
learners understanding
Continual assessment

Limitations
Significant pre-work is
required as a complete
learning unit is developed in
the beginning: unit-sized
goals embedded within year
long overarching goals,
from TfU website.
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Gagnes Events
Strengths
Systematic
Predictable
Organized
Easily followed time after
time

Limitations
Focused on outcomes
One-size fits all approach
Leaves little room for
adjustments

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Task G:
Most Suitable Design
Process
22

Gagnes Events of Instruction

for Research Instruction
Lesson Plan

Instruction would be taught to a large number of students as a

section of one of their core curriculum class, such as English 1101.
Expectations would be clear
Activities would engage learners and stimulate prior knowledge on
similar subjects
Consistency would be achieved by multiple instructors.
Feedback would be immediate so corrective action could be taken
Assessments could be given at end of session by turning in
worksheets or completing surveys.
Retention and Transfer necessary for college success

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References
Sample Lesson Plan from Georgia College. (2016, July 13). Retrieved from
http://libguides.gcsu.edu/ld.php?content_id=17584166
Instructional Design Central (2016). Retrieved from
http://www.instructionaldesigncentral.com/instructionaldesignmodels
SSCED Tool Kit, Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment (n.d.) Retrieved from
https://web5.wgu.edu/aap/content/introduction%20to%20ubd.pdf
Useable Knowledge (2016) Retrieved from
http://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/uk/08/05/what-teaching-understanding
Gagne, Robert. (2004) Principles of Instructional Design. The Events of Instruction".
Retrieved from
http://wgu.libguides.com.wgu.idm.oclc.org/ld.php?er_attachment_id=54981

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