Professional Documents
Culture Documents
RK
Agenda
GSM-Introduction
Mobile Station (ME+SIM)
HLR, VLR
Location Update
Call Routing Scenarios
Mobile Originated Sequence
Mobile Terminated Sequence
Mobile-to-Mobile Long distance
Mobile in Roaming (Domestic, International)
Call Handover
Questions
Mobile Station(MS)
HLR / VLR
Home Location Registers (HLR)
o permanent database about mobile subscribers in
a large service area(generally one per GSM
network operator)
o database contains IMSI, MSISDN,
prepaid/postpaid, roaming restrictions, MSC/VLR,
supplementary services.
Visitor Location Registers (VLR)
o Temporary database which updates whenever new
MS enters its area, by HLR database
o Controls those mobiles roaming in its area
o Reduces number of queries to HLR
o Database contains IMSI, TMSI, MSISDN, MSRN,
Location Area, authentication key
GSM Architecture
EIR AuC
IMSI Attach/Detach
Normal Location Update
Periodic Location Update
Questions
BSS
MSC
VLR
HLR
AP Vodafone AP Airtel
GMSC
GMSC
MSISDN
( +91 9885 xxxxxx
MSISDN
( +91 9885 xxxxxx
Subscriber Absent
BSS
MSC
VLR
HLR
GMSC
MSISDN
+91 9885 xxxxxx
MSISDN
+91 9885 xxxxxx
4 IFAM
PSTN
CFN
+91 40 66235307
BSS
MSC
VLR
HLR
GMSC
GMSC
MSISDN
+91 9885 xxxxxx
MSISDN
+91 9885 xxxxxx
Call Barred
BSS
MSC
VLR
HLR
GMSC
GMSC
MSISDN
+91 9885 xxxxxx
MSISDN
+91 9885 xxxxxx
Unknown Subscriber
Call Routing
Scenarios
BSS
MSC
1 CHANNEL REQUEST
DCCH ASSIGN
VLR
SIGNALING LINK
ESTABLISHED
Channel request
3 AUTHENTICATION
SET Cipher MODE
4 SET-UP
5 EQUIP. ID REQ.
6 COMPLETE CALL
CALL PROCEEDING
HLR PSTN
BSS
MSC
9 Answer (ANS)Connect
Ring tone
stops
10 Connect Acknowldge
PSTN
+91 40 66235307
Switch routes the call to PSTN
PSTN indicates to Switch
Address Complete(ACM)
MS hears ring
tone from land
phone
HLR
Alerting
VLR
<
Ring Alert
Passed to Mobile
Called Subscriber Answered
Switch Informs
Call Answered
Acknowledge Call
Answered received
Speech Started
Hi RK
BILLING STARTS
BSS
MSC
VLR
HLR
AP Vodafone AP Airtel
GMSC
GMSC
MSISDN
+91 9885 xxxxxx
MSISDN
IMSI
+91 9885 xxxxxx
404 13 xxxxxxxxxx
MSRN
MSRN
091 9885 xxxxxx (roaming number)
MSRN
091 9885 xxxxxx (roaming number)
MSRN
< PCH>
TMSI)
TMSI)
BSS
MSC
VLR
HLR
AP Vodafone AP Airtel
GMSC
GMSC
Ring Tone at
the Other
Mobile
Address Complete
7 Connect
Subscriber
picks up
Connect ACK ANS
Ringing stops
at Other
Mobile
Billing
starts
Speech Started
Hello...
Radio tower
Radio tower
Base Station
3. Basestations are
services by Mobil
Switching Station
Trunk
Radio tower
Mobile Switching Station
Base Station
5. Mobile Switching
Station forwards to Base 6. Base Station forwards
to local towers.
Station
Radio tower
Mobile is in Roaming
Handover
MSC B
MSC A
Location Area-089
49
404
Location Area-100
20
089
BSC1
0 53
9 10
4
4
40
0 50
9 10
4
4
40
9 21
9 08
4
4
40
9 22
9 08
4
4
40
BSC2
49
404
49
404
51
100
Network
Code
49
Location
Area
Code
49
404
54
100
0 55
9 10
4
4
40
52
100
BSC3
Cell
Identity
INDIA-AP-Airtel
MCC-MNC
404 -49(INA49)