(y yn) phonetics

1. shng m yn
m Initials and Finals

A Chinese syllable is usually composed of an

initial and a final. The former is a consonant that
begins the syllable and the latter is the rest of the
syllable

Following the initials is the finals, which

can be classified into three types: the simple
finals, compound finals and finals with a
nasal ending.

Nasal vowels can be divided into the front
nasal vowels and back nasal vowels
integral recognition of syllable

1.
Finals
a
ai
ia
ua

o
ei
ie
uo

e
ao
iao
uai

e an n

er
ou
iou(iu)
uei(ui)

i
an
ian
uan

zi
en
in
uen(un
)

zhi
ang
iang
uang

eng ong
ing
iong
ueng

 2.

initials

zh

ch sh

 3.

(shng dio)Tones

-

the tone-mark

b
b
b
eight pull grasp
dad

 4.

shng dio wi zh tone

position

l r e.g.
m ho zu m jng li gu zu

wu han li gong da xue

 5.

bin dio Tone changes

(1)
n ho n ho
(2)

n men
(3) Changes of tone of

bk q ---b k q

 6.

qng shng neutral tone

xi xie b k qi

 7.

shng c New words

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

tng xu schoolmate
lo sh teacher
shng k have lessons
xi k
class is over
xi x
have a rest
lin x
practice
xng mng name

(y yn) phonetics
1. shng m Initials

2. yn m Finals
a

er

 3.

pn yn Spelling
a
o
e
i
b
ba bo
bi
p
pa po
pi
m
ma mo me mi
f
fa
fo
d
da
de di
t
ta
te
ti
n
na
ne ni
l
la
le
li

bu
pu
mu
fu
du
tu
nu n
lu
l

er

(y yn zh sh )Phonetics
explanations
1. (gynfho )Dividing mark
a o e

tinnmn(
)
linu( )
lor

 2.

(r hu) Retroflex final

er
-r
wnr hur

suffixation of a nonsyllabic r to nouns and

sometimes verbs, causing a retroflexion of the
preceding vowel, typical of the pronunciation of
standard Chinese and of some dialects

.

Pronunciation drills

1. bin shng m Initial discrimination

(1)b p
(2)dt
(3)nl
(4)mf
(5)bp
(6)mf
(7)nl
(8)dt
(9)bp
2. binynm Final discrimination
(1)mm
(2)bb
(3)ff
(4)pp
(5)tt
(6)l l
(7)dd
(8)mm
(9)nn

3. bin dio Tone discrimination

(1)bb (2)mm
(3)pp (4)tt
(5)nn (6)ll (7)dd (8)ff
4.
read out the following syllables

1st 1st

fyn

fij

1st 2nd

hunyng

bngmng

1st 3rd

gngb

hibn

1st 4th

goxng

shngdio

1st the
neutral tone

mma

shngliang

 5.

lng
d xi li c y zh y r hu yn d d
f Read out the following words ,paying
attention to the retrolex final

wnr

fngunr
bnggnr

ydinr

hur
bncr
xioshor
hujunr

shngc New words

1.
ma
2. w
3.
hn
4. ne
5. y
6.
b ba
7. m ma
8.
du
9.
t men
10.
g ge
11. t
12. ji jie
13. t
14. i ren
15. ddi
16. mi mei
17.
mng
18.
li
19.

20.
k

 21.

lngd
22. xili
23. cy
24. qngshng
25. yyn
26. k wn
27. zh sh
28.
kn
29.
t
30.
hu hu
31. zng h
32.
lin x
33. tng xi
34 pn yn
35.
l r
35. jing k
36. n xng
37. nn xng

text

1.
A:
B:

A:
B:
A:
2.
A:
B:

phonetics
1.
g
k

2.

ai ei ao ou an en ang

3.

g
k
h

eng ong

Spelling
a
ga
ka
ha

e
ge
ke
he

u
gu
ku
hu

ai

ei

ao

bai

bei

bao

pai

pei

pao

pou

m mai mei

mao

mou man men mang meng

fei

an

en

ang

eng

ban

ben

bang

beng

pan

pen

pang

peng

fou

fan

feng

dao

dou

dan

dang

deng

dong

tao

tou

tan

tang

teng

tong

nang

neng

nong

lang

leng

long

dai

tai

nai

nei

nao

lai

lei

lao

lou

lan

ao

ou

an

g
k
h

ei

nan

fen

ong

fang

ai

dei

ou

nen
en

ang

eng

ong

gai gei gao gou gan gen gang geng gong

kai kei kao kou kan ken kang keng kong
hai hei hao hou han hen hang heng hong

Pronunciation drills
1. Initial discrimination

(1)giki
(2)hg
(3)gnhn
(4)knggng (5)hoko
(6)knhn
(7)tu gotu ko
(8)mgngmkng
(9)hhnkhn
(10)huwiguwi

2. Final discrimination
(1)knkn (2)gngng
(3)huhng
(4)hnhng (5)gng gng (6)koku
(7)mpnmpng
(8)kifnkifng
(9)gulegole
(10)bib--bib

 3.

Tone discrimination
(1)fnfn
(2)momo
(3)lili
(4)bngbng
(5)gngn
(6)hnghng
(7)hufnghufng
(8)kifkif
(9)lkilki
(10)wdowdo
4.

Listen to the recording,and

then fill in the blanks

 5.

Read out the following syllables

2nd 1st:

fngjin

mngtin

2nd 2nd:

tngxu

ynhng

2nd 3rd:

miyu

2nd 4th:

2nd the neutral tone :bide

yupio

pji
ddo
tufa

 1.

4.
7.

2.
5.
8.

10.

11.
12.
14.
15.
17.
18.
20.

13.
16.
19.

3.
6.
9.

New words

1. ch
3. jiozi
5. mintio
7. bozi
9. pji
11. kfi
13. nini
15. cdin
17. sh
19. shbo

2. shnme
4. mfn
6. minbo
8. h
10. ch
12. kungqunshu
14. mi
16. bnzi
18. b
20. kkukl

Text

1
A

B
2
A
B
3
A
B

Phonetics
1. Initials

2.

Finals

ia

ie

an n

iao iou(iu) ian in

iang

ing

iong

 3.
ia

iao

ie

biao

p
m

iou

ian

in

iang

ing

iong

bie

bian

bin

bing

piao

pie

pian

pin

ping

miao

mie

miu

mian min

ming

diao

die

diu

dian

ding

tiao

tie

tian

ting

niao

nie

niu

nian

nin

niang

ning

ne

liao

lie

liu

lian

lin

liang

ling

le

an

un

lia

jia

jie

jiu

jian

jin

jiang

jing

jiong

jue

juan

jun

jia

qie

qiu

qian

qin

qiang

qing

qiong

que

quan

qun

xia

xie

xiu

xian

xin

xiang

xiang

xiong

xue

xuan

xun

Phonetics drills
1. Initial discrimination
(1)jiqi
(2)qiji
(3)xuqu
(4)jngxng
(5)qingxing
(6)xunjun
(7)bijngbiqng (8)xingxxingj
(9)xixuqixu
(10)qinqu--xinqu

 2.

Final discrimination

(1)qunqin
(2)xixu
(3)jioji
(4) xnxng
(5) jinjing
(6) qnqn
(7)yopin-yupin
(8)xinhu-xinghu
(9)rnmn-rnmng
(10)tngxn-tngxn
3. Tone discrimination
(1)qi-qi
(2)jng-jng
(3)ju-ju
(4)x-x
(5)jn-jn
(6)ji-ji
(7)xq-xq
(8)qinxin-qinxin
(9)tngxng-tngxng (10)jinmin-jinmin

 4.

5. Read out the following syllables

1. -

3rd 1st
bijng
jindn
3rd 2nd
lxng
migu
3rd 4th
kp
wnfn
3rd the
xhuan
bnzi
neutral tone
2. --
Yfyfa
fdofdo


1.

2. 3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14 15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23. 24.


1.
A

B
A
2.
A

subject predicate
object

Complete structure
[ adverbial ] attributive
[ adverbial ] < complement>
attributive <
complement>