PRESENTATION ON

TECHNIQUES OF BUDDING

By
Nina Rochelle V. Ariano
William Lopez Jr.

Budding

An art of insertion of a single mature bud in to the

stem of the rootstock in such way that the union
takes place and the combination continues to grow.
Budding is a grafting technique in which a single bud
from the desired scion is used rather than an entire
scion containing many buds.
It is grafting of a single individual bud instead of
whole bud stick on scion as in done in case of
grafting.

Stages of Bud Union

Formation

Prerequisite- mustmatch cambiumof stock

with cambium of scion
1)Callus formationby both stock and scion
2)Intermingling of callusfrom stock and
scion
3)New cambium formsin callus between
stock and scion
4)New secondary xylem and phloemfrom
new cambium to connect stock and scion

Procedure in budding consists of

the following steps

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Preparation of the rootstock.

Preparation of the bud-scion
Insertion of the prepared bud-scion
Tying or wrapping
Cut back of the rootstock
Care of clones

Preparation of Root Stock

Arootstock, stockor understock is part of a plant, often an
underground part, from which new above-ground growth can be
produced.
The rootstock should be 3/16 7/16 inch caliper.

Since budding is generally done less than 4

inches above the soil surface, leaves and side

branches must be removed from this portion of
the rootstock to create a clean, smooth working
area.
Leaves and side branches must be removed.
Remove any soil from the rootstock.
The rootstock should be clean.
Dormant rootstock can be used.

Preparation of the scion

Scion is the plant part that has the properties that propagator desires
above ground, including the photosynthetic activity and the fruit or
decorative properties.

Collect the scion or budwood in the days while the

temperature is cool (early in the day ) and the plants
are still fully turgid
Best vegetative buds usually come from the inside
canopy of the tree
Mature buds are most desirable.
Discard terminal and younger buds.
Keep budwood from drying out, getting hot, or
freezing (depending on the season), place it into
plastic bags or wrap it in moist burlap
Remove the leaves but keep the petioles (leaf stem)
intact to serve as handles when inserting a bud into
the rootstock
Budstick should be prepared in a cool shaded or

Preparation of the scion

Cut the sticks to a convenient length, leaving three to six buds per stick.
Budsticks that will not be used immediately should be bundled, labelled,

and stored in moisture-retaining containers such as plastic bags or

waxed cardboard boxes and kept cool (32 oto 45oF).
The longer budwood is stored, the less likely it is to "take.
Generally, budwood stored for more than a few days should be

discarded.
Storing budwood in a picnic cooler with ice will help keep it cool and

moist. Individual bundles of scions carried by budders are often

wrapped in moist burlap or kept in dark (not clear) plastic.

Techniques of
Budding

1. Patch budding
2. T or Shield budding
3. budding
4. Chip budding
5. I Budding
6. Flute budding
7. Ring budding
8. Forkert budding

Tools in Budding
Kinds of

Budding Knife

PATCH BUDDING
It is the simplest to
perform among the
various methods of
budding due to ease is
in removing or
preparing rectangular
patches of bark.
The complete removal
of a rectangular shape
patch of bark.
The patch of bud is
cut from both the
rootstock and the
budstick by two
parallel horizontal
cuts.

T OR SHIELD BUDDING
T- budding is a special grafting
technique in which the scion
piece is reduced to single bud.
Two methods: wood in and
wood out (i.e., whether the
bark of the scion is slipping or
not)
The vascular cambium should be
actively growing.
The cut should begin about to
inch below the bud.
Budding knives should be kept
very sharp.
If the bark does not slip easily,
this indicates that the bark is not
in active growth.
Used in 1-2 years seedling

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

T OR
SHIELD
The bud is inserted
onto
a slit madeBUDDING
on
bark of the rootstock and the union
held tightly using a budding tape.
The bark is then raised slightly and the
vegetative bud inserted and pushed
downwards until it is below the
horizontal line of the rootstock.
The bud union is then tied firmly using
a budding tape.
The budding tape is removed two
weeks after grafting to inspect the
buds.
The rootstock is then cut a few
centimetres above the union, the
green bud develops into a shoot.
When the shoot is 25 cm it is tied onto
the rootstock to prevent it from strong
winds
If the bud is green then bud union is
successful.
If the bud is dry the bud union is
unsuccessful and must be repeated.

INVERTED T-BUDDING
It is similar to t-budding in that
both methods of budding
follows the same incisions on
the rootstock and budstick
except that in inverted t the
horizon cut is made at the
bottom of the vertical cut.
This is dont to prevent the
possible entry of water from
the top of the t cut which may
cause rotting of the shield
piece.

CHIP BUDDING

This budding method can be used

when the bark is not slipping
Slice downward into the rootstock
at a 45 angle through 1/4" of the
wood.
Make a second cut about 1 inch
long upward from the first cut.
Remove a bud and attending chip
of bark and wood from the scion,
shaped so that it fits the rootstock
wound.
Fit the bud chip to the stock and
wrap the union. Wrapping is
extremely important in chip
budding

I - BUDDING

It is a method of
budding in which
incisions in the shape
of an I is made in the
bark of the rootstock
ends. A rectangular
bud is then inserted.

FLUTE BUDDING

Bark is removed from the stem of a rootstock

almost completely encircles it except that
there remains a narrow strip of bark (~1/8
the rootstock circumference) that connects
the upper and the lower parts of the
rootstock.
The bud patch is prepared by two horizontal
cuts about 2.5 cm apart (the same length as
in the rootstock) in circular motion around the
stem.
The two cuts are then connected by a vertical
cut and the patch of bark is separated intact
from the wood. The circumference of the bud
patch may be shortened by a vertical cut to
fit into the rootstock.

Ring or Annular Budding

A method of budding the procedure of

which is closely similar to the Flute budding

technique.
It involves the removal of a complete ring

of bark from the rootstock without leaving a

strip of bark that connects the upper and
lower parts of the rootstock.
As a result, a portion of the stem is girdled
It is then replaced with a complete ring of

bark with the same size from the budstick.

Compared to the other methods of

budding, it is rarely used because should

bud union fail, the upper part of the
rootstock above the ring may die.

Forkert Budding
a form of patch budding in which
the patch of bark in the rootstock
is retained.
Incisions are made on the bark of
the rootstock in the shape of
and pulled downward as a flap
which is then used to cover the
inserted bud patch.
This flap is later removed to
expose the bud.
Both Patch and Forkert methods
of budding follows the same
procedure in the preparation of a
bud patch.

Factors Influencing Success In

Budding
1. the kind of plant
2. the healing environment
(temperature, moisture,
oxygen)
3. growth activity of stock
and/or scion
4. grafting technique
5. viruses, insects, disease
6. polarity
7. limits (closeness of the
botanical relationship)
8. graft incompatibility