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Degree in Chemical
Engineering
Fluid Mechanics
Boundary Layer Flow
(Week 9)
PowerPoint Slides

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Learning Objective (s)

To discuss the drag force due to the formation of
boundary layer and the separation of boundary layer.

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Learning Outcome (s)

Students should be able to
Describe the formation of boundary layer and its
separation.
Calculate the drag force due to the formation of
boundary layer.

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Introduction
Chapter 6 describes the characteristics of a boundary
layer and its separation, the parameters of the boundary
layer, drag force and lift force.

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Lift and Drag

When an object moves through a fluid, forces are found
due to the fluid-object interaction.
Wall shear stresses (w) viscous effect
Normal stresses - pressure

The resultant force in the same direction as the flow of

D
the fluid is named as Drag, D. C D
0.5 V 2 A

The resultant force normal to the flow of the fluid is

L
named as Lift, L.
C
L

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0.5 V 2 A

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Example 1
Explain the formation of boundary layer.

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Boundary Layer Characteristic

Laminar

Turbulent

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Boundary Layer Characteristic

Vx
; Re x 5 x105
v
5x
Re x

Re x

V 2
0.664
Cf
;C f
2
Re x
FD AC Df

V 2
1.328
VL
; C Df
; Re L
2
v
Re L

Cf = Local shear stress coefficient

CDf = Total frictional drag coefficient
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Boundary Layer Characteristic

5 x105 Re x 2 x10 7
0.377 x

Re 1x 5

V 2
0.059
Cf
;C f
2
Re 1x 5
FD ACDf

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V 2
0.074 1700
; C Df

1
2
Re L5 Re L

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Example 2
A smooth plate 2 m wide and 2.5 m long is towed in oil
(SG = 0.8) at a velocity of 1.5 m/s along its length.
Determine the thickness of boundary layer and shear
stress at the trailing edge of the plate. voil = 10-4 m2/s.

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Example 3
A plate 450 m (L) x 150 mm (W) has been placed
longitudinally in a stream of oil (SG = 0.925 and kinetic
viscosity of 0.9 x 10-4 m2/s) which flows with velocity of 6
m/s. Calculate:
(a) The friction drag on the plate
(b) Thickness of the boundary at the trailing edge
(c) Shear stress at the trailing edge

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Example 4
A fluid flows steadily past a flat plate with a velocity of V
= 3 m/s. Determine the location where the boundary
layer become turbulent and the thickness of the
boundary layer at that point if the fluid is
(a) water
(b) air
(c) glycerin

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Boundary Layer Separation

Case A
Air flow

Case B

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Air flow

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Boundary Layer Separation

Case C
Air flow

Case D
Air flow

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References:
Munson, B. R., Young, D. F., Okiishi, T. D., Huebsch, W. W.
2010, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 6th edn, John Wiley &
Sons
Cengel, Y. A., Cimbala, J. M. 2010, Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd edn, McGraw Hill.
Douglas, J. F., Gasiorek, J. M., Swaffield, J. A. and Jack, L. B.
2005, Fluid Mechanics. 5th edm, Pearson Prentice Hall.
Subramanya, K. 2001, Theory and Applications of Fluid
Mechanics. 1st edn, McGraw Hill.
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Conclusion/Summary
Summary 1

Summary 2

Summary 3

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Key terms:
Term

Definition

Boundary Layer

Drag Force

Lift Force

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