Circulatory System

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some music
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The Circulatory System

The circulatory system in humans is made up of:
1. The heart
2. Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
3. Blood
The main function of the circulatory system is to
transport materials through the body.
It also regulates body temperature and transports
disease-fighting white blood cells to areas of the body
to fight viruses or bacteria

Blood is made up of
red blood cells,
white blood cells,
platelets, and
plasma.

Red Blood Cells carry oxygen in

the blood as well as nutrients
and other materials to and from
tissues. Red blood cells contain
protein called haemoglobin
White Blood Cells defend the
body against bacteria, disease
causing organisms, and other
invaders.
Platelets play an important role
in the formation of blood clots.
Plasma is the liquid portion of
the blood and helps carry the
blood cells along.

Overview of the Circulatory System

Veins bring blood

towards the heart
Blue = veins
Red = arteries
Arteries take
blood away from
the heart

Blood Vessels

Arteries are thick

walled tubes that
usually transport
oxygenated blood to
the body tissues
from the heart.
(AWAY FROM the
heart)

Veins are thinner

walled tubes that
usually transport
deoxygenated
blood from the
body tissues to the
heart. (TOWARDS
the heart)

Capillaries are the site of exchange between the blood

and body cells. They exchange oxygen, carbon dioxide,
nutrients, wastes, and other materials. (small thin walled
blood vessels that allow substances to pass in and
out of the circulatory system)

The Human Heart

The heart contains four

chambers that pump
blood to the lungs and
to all body parts.

The heart acts as a double pump

with the right side receiving
deoxygenated blood from the
different parts of the body.
The blood is then pumped to the
lungs where oxygen diffuses into
the blood and it becomes
oxygenated.
The oxygenated blood then returns
to the left side of the heart where it
is pumped to all body parts. Your
heart beats approximately 60 to 80
times per minute when you are at
rest.

Your heart beats approximately 60

to 80 times per minute when you
are at rest.

After passing through the capillaries of the lungs, the

blood which is now oxygenated returns to the heart in
the pulmonary veins.

From lungs

The left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary vein.

Blood passes through the mitral valve into the left

ventricle.

Contraction of the left ventricle pushes blood through the aortic

semilunar valve into the aorta. Blood travels to all regions of the
body where it feeds cells with oxygen picked up from the lungs
and nutrients from the digestive tract.
To rest of body

Deoxygenated blood returns from the rest of the body

through the superior and inferior vena cava.

The right atrium receives the deoxygenated blood.

Blood then enters the right ventricle through the

tricuspid valve.

Contraction of the right ventricle pushes blood through

the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary
arteries in which it travels to the lungs.
To lungs

Diseases and Disorders

Coronary Artery
Disease - when
coronary arteries
become partially
blocked with plaque
(a build up of fat,
cholesterol, and
calcium)

Symptoms include: tiredness, dizziness, pain or burning sensation in

chest or arms.
Diagnosed with: angiogram (special dyes injected into blood vessels
makes them visible to X-rays)

Angiogram showing coronary artery disease

Heart Attack - coronary arteries

become completely blocked (from
plaque or a blood clot)

Symptoms include:
chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, anxiety, upper body pain, stomach
pain, sweating, dizziness, unusual fatigue
Diagnosed with: blood test or electrocardiogram (ECG)

Lifestyle and Heart Disease

To reduce the risk of heart
disease:
- Dont smoke
- Maintain a healthy diet
- Exercise, be physically
active
- Reduce stress