What are

organic
compounds?

Organic
Compound
any molecule that
includescarbon
Found everywhere
basis of Earth's carbon cycle
Low boiling points and melting
points
Chemical bonding is mostly
covalent

Carbon Atom

THE CARBON
ATOM
can form four bonds
react strongly with
oxygen, burning rapidly
and at high temperature
molecules of life:
proteins,carbohydrates,lipi
ds, andnucleic acids.

 consisting entirely of
hydrogen and carbon

contains only carbon-carbon single bonds

(alkanes, also called Aliphatic hydrocarbons)
each carbon in the hydrocarbon has the
maximum number of hydrogen atoms bonded
to it.

contains one or more carbon-carbon double

bonds, triple bonds, or benzene rings

NOMENCLATURE OF
ORGANIC

ALKANE

saturated hydrocarbons
(they have only carboncarbon single bonds).
The molecular formula of
this group is CnH2n+2 (n is
the number of carbon
atoms)

International Union of
Pure and Applied
Chemistry
(IUPAC)
1)A prefix that shows the
number of carbon atoms
(meth-, eth-, prop-, but-,
pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-,
non- and dec-).
2)The suffix -ane

The first 10 members of the unbranched (acyclic)

alkane series are :

CH4

Methane

C6H14 Hexane

C2H6

Ethane

C7H16 Heptane

C3H8

Propane

C8H18 Octane

C4H10

Butane

C9H20 Nonane

C5H12

Pentane

C10H22 Decane

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New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A

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New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A

ALKENE

an unsaturated hydrocarbon that

contains one or more carboncarbon double bonds.
molecular formula of this group is
CnH2n (n is the number of carbon
atoms).
have less hydrogen atoms than
alkanes

ALKYNE

contains one or more carboncarbon triple bonds.

The molecular formula of this
group is CnH2n-2 (n is the
number of carbon atoms).
Alkynes have less hydrogen
atoms than alkanes and alkenes

PREFIX

STEM SUFFIX

Stem is the number of carbon

atoms in the backbone or
parent chain.
Parent chain is the longest
chain of carbon atoms

NOMENCLATURE

1. Choose the parent chain. This

consists of the stem of the
name of the organic compound.
2. Add the following suffixes to
the stem of the name:

- ane for alkanes

-ene for alkenes
-yne for alkynes

PROCEDURE

Meth-

Eth-

PropButPentHexHeptOctNonDec-

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

3. Number the carbon atoms

in the parent chain,
beginning with the end of
the chain that is nearest to
a side chain, double or triple
bond.

PROCEDURE

4. Name and give the location

of the side chain.
2 or more side chains: Use
prefixes and numbers

PROCEDURE