Programming

Fundamentals

Why Programming?

What is Computer?

What is Program?

What is Programming?

Program is
Some instruction computer
follow to do our task. And
this sequence of instructions
is called a program.

Programming is
The process of writing
programs is called
programming.

What is the
PROCESS?

Follow the steps given below

to become a successful
programmer:
Define

the problem: Examine the

problem until you understand it thoroughly.

Outline

problem.

the solution: Analyze the

Expand

the outline of the solution into an

algorithm: Write a step-by-step procedure
that leads to the solution.

Test

the algorithm for correctness:

Provide test data and try to work out the
problem as the computer would. This is a
critical step but one that programmers
often forget.

Convert

the algorithm into a program: Translate

the instructions in the algorithm into a computer
program using any programming language.

Document

the program clearly: Describe each

line of instruction or at least some important
portions in the program. This will make the program
easy to follow when accessed later for corrections or
changes.

Run

the program: Instruct the computer

to execute the program. The process of
running the program differs from language
to language.

Debug

the program: Make sure that the

program runs correctly without any errors
or bugs as they are called in computer
terminology. Finding the errors and fixing
them is called debugging. Dont get

Programming
Language?

Prerequisite ?
Almost nothing

Platform ?
Mac, Linux, Windows.

Any of them

How old are you?

What is your educational
Background?

Who Are You?

You are currently a computer
user who love to use
computer.

And definitely you are a user

of a program.

You are going to be

The creator of the Program.

You will be the Programmer.

What is programming?
When

we want a computer to perform a

specific task, such as generating a marks
sheet or a salary slip, we have to create a
sequence of instructions in a logical order
that a computer can understand and
interpret. This sequence of instructions is
called a program. The process of writing
programs is called programming.

The task of programming involves a lot of effort and

careful planning. Without this, the computer will
produce erroneous results. The following steps
should go into the planning of program:

Defining

and analyzing the problem

Developing

algorithm

the solution logically using an

Defining and analyzing the

problem
Before writing a program, we have to
define exactly what

Data we need to provide (input) and

Information we want the program to

produce (the output).

Once we know these, we can figure out how to develop the solution.

Understanding INPUT
Suppose we want to write a program to
work out the total and average of a
students marks in five subjects, we
would need to mention the marks in
the five subjects as input.

Understanding OUTPUT
Next, we have to think of the output
the elements that should be displayed
and those that should not. In the marks
example, since the task is to prepare a
marks sheet, the marks in all the five
subjects, their total and average should
be displayed on the screen.

INPUT
English = 60
Math = 80
History = 100
Filipino = 70

PROCESSING
Average = (English + Math + History +
Filipino) / 4

OUTPUT
Average : 77.5

How will you write your very

first program

Get Inputs from the user

Save them somewhere

Use a math logic to process

Show the result / output.

Getting INPUTS
Make

a user interface to collect INPUT from

user
English
Math
History
Filipino

Handling Inputs
var a = (input for english)
var b = (input for math)
var c = (input for history)
var d = (input for filipino)

Processing & Output

var average; // another variable
average = (a + b + c + d) / 4;

print average;

OUTPUT
Our program process the input and show
this output.

VARIABLE

What is variable?

Variable Naming?

Data Types

Type, Length, Range

Programming
Process
<?java
if(isset($_GET['InputName'])) {

$name = $_GET['InputName'];
echo $name ;
} else {
// some other code or load form
}
?>

Another Input
<html>
<head><title>Programming 2</title></head>
<body>
<form name="test" method="GET>
Name:
<input type="text" name=num" />
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Go" />
</form>
</body></html>

Programming
Process
<?java
if(isset($_GET[num'])) {

$number1 = $_GET[num'];
echo $number1;
$sqr = $number1 * $number1;
echo <br /> . $sqr;
} else {
// some other code or load form
}
?>

Make a Simple
Calculator
<html>
<head><title>Programming 3</title></head>
<body>
<form name="test" method="GET>
Name:
<input type="text" name=num1" />
<input type="text" name=num2" />
<input type="submit" name="submit" value=Sum" />
</form>

</body></html>

Assignment
Read some article regarding data
types

Read some article regarding numbers

Write some article regarding all of

these

THANK YOU