SCRAMJET

-THE AIR BREATHING

ENGINES

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF:

SALOOP T S

ENGINE

PRESENTED
BY:
SIDHARTH
K PILLAI
S7 MECHANICAL
ROLL NO: 14152650
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.
COUNTRIES WITH SCRAMJET.
DESIGNING PRINCIPLE.
WORKING OF SCRAMJET ENGINE.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCRAMJET & JET ENGINES.
LIMITATIONS OF RAMJET (OVER SCRAMJET).
ADAVNTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE(SCRAMJET).
EXAMPLES.
REFERENCE.

INTRODUCTION
Scramjet, a variation of ramjet with supersonic
combustion.
Top speed of a scramjet engine(without additional
oxidizer input)vary between Mach 12 and Mach
24(orbital velocity).
main difference fromSCRAMJET
a rocket ,it collects O2 from
the air to burn its fuel.

COUNTRIES WITH SCRAMJET

1950s and 1960s a variety of experimental scramjet engines

were built and ground tested.

RUSSIA(1991)
USA(2004)
INDIA(2010)
CHINA(2011)
GERMANY
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DESIGNING PRINCIPLE
.

The scramjet is composed of three basic components

namely:
A Converging inlet- compress the incoming air.
A Combustor- gaseous fuel burned with atmospheric

oxygen.
A Diverging nozzle- accelerate to produce thrust.

WORKING OF A SCRAMJET ENGINE

An object moving at high speed through air

generates a high pressure region in front and a low
pressure region to the rear.
Uses this high pressure, forceful compression and
decelerate the incoming air before combustion.
Air is heated by combusting with fuel.
Through diverging nozzle , the heated air is
accelerated to producethrust.

 Unlike a typical jet engine, liketurbojet

orturbofan engine, scramjet does not use
rotating, fan-like components to compress the air.
It have higher efficiency due to less weight.

 scramjets require the highkinetic energyof a

hypersonic flow to compress the incoming air

to operational conditions.
Must be accelerated to the required
velocity,usually by turbojet,railgun, or rocket
engines.
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ENGINE EFFICIENCY

The overall engine efficiency can be represented (), in terms

of specific impulse of the engine
= * Isp
= (Thrust power/Chemical energy rate)
g0 : is the acceleration due to gravity at ground level
V0 : is the vehicle speed
Isp : is the specific impulse
hf : is fuel heat of reaction
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A COMPARISON

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A COMPARISON (CONT.)

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PROPULSION PERFORMANCE
- for kerosene fuel

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LIMITATIONS OF RAMJET
-over hypersonic flow
Large temp rise associated with deceleration from

high speed to M~0.3 for combustion

Dissosiation is dominant
Combustion cannot add any more heat
Creates shoke waves as compressed
May

stop ignition of mixture, shutting engine

down
Tear engine to bits
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ADVANTAGES OF SCRAMJET ENGINES

scramjet does not contain any moving parts like
compressor blades, turbine blades etc,so weightless.
No compression to subsonic velocities as compared to
jets.
Due to less moving parts & it consist only a constricted
tube,So mechanical failures due to moving parts are
avoided.
No need for carrying oxidizer.
Operational cost is less than space shuttles.

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DISADVANTAGES OF SCRAMJET ENGINES

A scramjet cannot produce efficient thrust unless
boosted to high speed(Mach 5).
Testing scramjet designs use extremely expensive
hypersonic test chambers or expensive launch
vehicles.
Lack of stealth.
High maintenance cost.

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SOME EXAMPLES
X-43A, X-43B, X-43D, Hyshot, BOEING X-51A by

NASA
AVATAR Hyperplane & HSTDV by DRDO
BRAHMOS-II Cruise missile by Russia &

India(DRDO)
ISROs scramjet engine tested successfully on

August 28, 2016 on ATV-DO2

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Hyshot Scramjet
-which reach mach 7.6 (2002)

NASA X-43 A
-which reach Mach 7.(2004)

BOEING X-51A

-which reach Mach 7.(2013)

AVATAR Scramjet

AVTAR stands for Aerobic

Vehicle for hypersonic
Aerospace TrAnspoRtation .
By DRDO.
Not yet developed.

BRAHMOS II
-which reach Mach 7.

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REFERENCE
Rocket Propulsion Elements by George P. Sutton
http://en.wikipedia.org/
http://www.isro.gov.in/
http://www.aeronautics.nasa.gov.com
http://www.strategycenter.net
http://www.howstuffworks.com/air-breathingrocket2.htm
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