Automation

Hierarchy
KULIAH-03

Large control system hierarchy (1)

5 Planning, Statistics, Finances
4 Production planning, orders, purchase
3 Workflow, order tracking, resources
2

Supervisory

administration
enterprise
(manufacturing) execution

SCADA =
Supervisory Control
And Data Acquisition

Group control
Unit control
1

Field
Sensors
& actors

Primary technology

A V

Large control system hierarchy (2)

Field :

akuisisi data sensor dan aktuator, pengiriman data. Tidak ada

pemgolahan data kecuali koreksi pengukuran.

Unit Control (regulation, monitoring and protection) part of a

group
Measure: Sampling, scaling, processing, calibration.
Control: regulation, set-points and parameters
Command: sequencing, protection and interlocking

Group (Area)
Mengkoordinasikan sub grup
Menyesuaikan set point dan parameter
Memerintahkan beberapa unit secara serentak

Large control system hierarchy (3)

Supervision :

Mengawasi produksi dan site, optimalisasi, mengeksekusi operasi pada

visual plants, mengolah data, log operations, history.

Manufacturing:

Manages execution, resources, workflow, quality supervision, production

scheduling, maintenance.

Enterprise:

Menetapkan tujuan produksi, perencanaan sumber daya perusahaan,

kooordinasi site yang berbeda, mengelola pesanan.

Administration

Finances, human resources, documentation, long-term planning

Field level
the

field level is
in direct
interaction with
the plant's
hardware

Group level
unit controllers

Mengkoordinasikan aktivitas
beberapa control unit.

Secara hirarki dapat juga koneksinya

peer-to-peer (from group control to
group control = distributed control
system)

Note : "Distributed Control Systems"

(DCS) umumnya mengacu pada
infrastruktur perangkat keras dan
perangkat lunak untuk melakukan
Proses automatisasi.

Local human interface at

group level
Kadang-kadang,
di group level memiliki MMI
untuk kontrol operasi lokal
(contoh: cement packaging)
Juga untuk maintenance

Supervisory level: Human-MachineInterface

control room
(mimic wall)
1970s...

formerly, all instruments were directly wired to the control room

Supervisory: Mosaic interface is still in

use with direct wiring

Sistem Kontrol Industri

Terkini

Sistem kontrol
konvensional

Sistem kontrol
modern

(SCADA = Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)

- displays the current state of the process (visualization)

- display the alarms and events (alarm log, logbook)
- display the trends (historians) and analyse them
- display handbooks, data sheets, inventory, expert system (documentation)
- allows communication and data synchronization with other centres

Todays control rooms

Projectors replace the mosaics, no direct wiring to the plant anymore

Plant management

Menyimpan data plants untuk diproses lebih lanjut dengan

cara yang aman, yang memungkinkan untuk melacak jejak

Plant Information
Management System (PIMS)
proses dan produk.

membuat prediksi tentang perilaku masa depan dari proses

dan khususnya tentang pemeliharaan peralatan, melacak KPI

Asset
Optimisation (AO)
(key performance indicators).

Example: Power plant

Response time and hierarchical

level
ERP
(Enterprise Resource
Planning)

Planning
Level

MES
(Manufacturing Execution System)

Execution
Level

SCADA

(Supervisory Control and

Data Acquisition)

Supervisory
Level

DCS

(Distributed Control
System)

Control
Level

PLC
(Programmable Logic
Controller)

ms

seconds

hours

days

weeks

month

years

Operation and Process Data base

knowledge base

man-machine
communication
operator

history

logging

process
data base

simulation
instructor

maintenance
engineer

Update
process data
plant