International Workshop on Power Generation with

Carbon Capture & Storage in India

New Delhi, 22nd-23rd January 2008

Gabriel Marquette
Schlumberger

Schlumberger Private

Practical lessons and experiences

of CO2 Storage

Oilfield Services

OFS Segments
Drilling & Measurements
Testing Services
Wireline
Artificial Lift
Schlumberger Completions
Well Services
Data & Consulting Services
Integrated Project Management
Schlumberger Information Solutions
76 000 people, 140
nationalities
Present in more than 100
countries

WesternGeco
Seismic
Businesses:
Water Services
Carbon Services

Oilfield Services
Seismic
IPM

Data
Management

Production

Reservoir interpretation

Well positionning

Logging &
Testing

Cementation,
Stimulation
Wells Perforation &
Completion

Schlumberger involved CO2 Storage

Projects

Sleipner

Weyburn II
MGSC
PCOR

MRSCP

IdF

Ketzin
Karniow
COACH

Mountaineer
CCP2

Frio

InSalah

MOVECBM

Hassi Touareg

PETRONAS
Gorgon
Callide
Otway
CO2CRC

CO2 Storage Workflow

Site Selection

Site Characterization (SCP)

Field Design

Site Preparation

Monitoring (M&V)

Permitting
~ 1-2 year
Operation
Phase

Site Construction

Operation

Verification

~ 10-50 years
Post-Injection
Phase

Site Retirement Programme

(SRP)

Environmental

-2 5 to - 20
-1 6 to - 10
-9 to -5
-4 to -2
-1

B LACK

NON-O PE RABLE: Ev acuat e the zone and or area/ count ry

RED

IN TOLERA BLE:

D o not take thi s risk

YELLOW

UNDESIRABLE:

D emon str ate ALA RP b efore proceeding

GREEN
BLUE

ACCE PT AB LE:

P roceed care ful ly, wi th conti nuou s improvement

NEGLIGIBL E:

S afe to pr oce ed

-1

-2

-3

-4

1L

2L

3L

4L

5L

-2

-2

-4

-6

-8

-10

1S

1S

3S

4S

5S

Major

-3

-9

-12

-15

Catastrophic

-4

P ro b a b le

-1

Serious

PREVENTION

L ike ly

U n lik e ly

Light

MITIGATION
Control
Measures

Po s s ib le

Im p ro b a b le

Transfer of Liabilities

Injection

Performance & Risk

Management System (PRSM)
Communication and Public Acceptance

Pre-Operation
Phase

LIKELIHOOD

S E V E R IT Y

~ 100+ years

Multi-Catastrophic -5

-3
1M

-4

-6

-5

2M

3M

4M

5M

-8

-12

-16

-20

-10

-15

-20

-25

1C

2C

-5
1MC

2MC

3MC

3C

Whit e arrow i ndicates decreasing ri sk

4C

4MC

5C

5MC

Overall approach to
Risk management in CCS
Performance & Risk Management
Performance & Risk Assessment
Capacity
Injectivity
Containment

Functions / Stakes

Characterization

Cost
Environment
Health & Security
Image

Modeling

Tools & Technologies

Risk Treatment
Actions

Monitoring
Well construction
& Interventions
Injection equipment
& process

Example: P&R for Well Integrity

7

Performance & Risk Management

Performance & Risk Assessment
Capacity
Injectivity
Containment

Functions / Stakes

Characterization
Well location, status &
Completion diagrams
Completion integrity
assessment

Cost
Environment
Heath & Security
Image

Modeling
Cement degradation
Casing corrosion
CO2 migration

Risk Treatment
Actions
Well repair, plug,
Abandon

Monitoring
Corrosion rate
Cement de-bonding and attack
CO2 presence & fluxes
Alarms

Materials & Interventions

Tools & Technologies

CO2-resistant completions
Remedial interventions
Well Plugging

Example: Well integrity risk

assessment
Functional
Analysis

(from US Geological Survey)

Exhaustive inventory
of features and
potential hazards

Construction of
Leakage Scenarii

(from Damen et al, 2003)

Identification and
quantification of
failure mechanisms

Knowledge
Data & Models
Uncertainties

Risk Ranking &

Performance
Evaluation

Example: Well integrity risk management

A Guide to Decision

Initial design

Solution 1:
Monitoring

Solution 3:
Change plug position
Improve cement
Surface monitoring

Solution 2:
Thicken plug
Squeeze

Cost : 200
Cost : 600

B = 10

C/B = 20

Cost : 300

B = 50

C/B = 12

B = 30

C/B = 10

Measuring for Characterization

Measurement Rate

Measuremen

Geophysics / Geology

ts for Charac
terization

Seismic, VSPs
Imagers
Petrophysics / Mineralogy
Density, Porosity, Resistivity
Element concentration
Natural T, K, U emissions

Site Characterization

Geomechanics
Sonic, Density
Pressure measurement & test
Well Integrity
EM, Ultrasonic, Sonic

10

100

Pre-Operation Phase Operation Phase

Duration of a Storage Project

(*) From Chalaturnyk et al.

10

CO2 Storage Site Modelling Workflow

Surface imaging
Mapping
EM survey interpretation

Data input
Information management
GIS database

11

Log interpretation
Well correlation
Surface identification
Surface/subsurface interaction
Data analysis
Facies modelling
Fault modelling
Fracture modelling
Hydrodynamic test
analysis

Calibration
History match
Post processing
Presentation

Petrel/Ocean
Eclips
e
3D flow simulation
Geochemistry
Geomechanics

3D Geological model
3D Property model of the
Reservoir and the Overburden

Uncertainty analysis
Upscaling processes
Reservoir and Aquifer property
population

Monitoring - Objectives
12

Performance Control
Injectivity
CO2 in place

Risks Evaluation and Control

Loss of containment
Contamination (aquifers, surface)
Leaks on surface Accumulation
(Damen et al, 2003)

Model calibration for a long-term prediction of the fate of

the CO2 injected
Displacement
Trapping Mechanisms (dissolution, mineralization )

Measuring for Monitoring

Operational Monitoring
CO2 injection control
Cap rock integrity

Pre-Operation Phase

10
Operation Phase

100
Equilibration

Verification Monitoring
CO2 location and tracking
Cap rock integrity
Well Integrity

Environment Monitoring
Aquifers
Surface
Atmosphere

.
ng

E
M nvir
on o
ito nm
rin en
g ta
l

ri
ito
on

rin
nito
Mo
nal

Site Characterization

nM
tio
ca
rifi
Ve

tio
era
Op

Measurement Rate

Measurements
for Characteriz
ation

13

1000

Long-Term Performance

Duration of a Storage Project

(*) From Chalaturnyk et al.

Monitoring - Technologies
Geophysical Techniques
Seismic
Electromagnetic
Gravimetry
Microseismicity

Well Logging Techniques

Well Logging CO2 Saturation
Sampling
Well Logging Wellbore Integrity
Permanent sensors

Environment Monitoring
Gas Concentration & Flux
pH in aquifers
Fluid composition

14

Schlumberger Carbon Services

R&D Activities
CO2 Transport and Fate
Reactive transport modeling
Fluid flow
Geochemistry
Geomechanics
Thermal

Monitoring measurements
Sensor development
Interpretation and integration
Model calibration

Containment
Risk Management Methodology
Reservoir geomechanics (faults, caprock)
Modeling
Monitoring
Well integrity
completion degradation characterization
Integrity monitoring
Materials
Remediation techniques)

Injectivity

Injectivity control near wellbore effects

Injection operation monitoring
Advanced hydro-fracturing techniques
Injection optimization (well design, well
patterns)

15

Potential Joint Project Participation

16

Phases

Site Selection
Site Characterization
Site Construction
Injection/Monitoring Phase
Site Closure

Technologies
Modeling (Petrel, Eclipse, Geomechanics)
Characterization Measurement (Seismic, Logging (WL/LWD))
Well/Reservoir integrity (Drilling services, completions, well integrity,
cementing technology, geomechanics, geochemistry, logging)
M+V measurements (logging, 4D seismic, micro seismic, EM, DTS (P+T),
shallow aquifer surveys)

CO2 Storage:
Risk and Performance Management
through Characterization and Monitoring
Carbon Capture & Storage is the worlds
best chance to have a major and
immediate impact on CO2 emissions
reduction.

We should start now

We will learn by doing.

17

18

All Im saying is now is the time

to develop the technology
to deflect an asteroid.

19

Thank you !