Seminar

Presentation

On
Renewable
Energy:
Hydropower
SUBMITTED TO

ER.C JOHN WESLEY

BY

ASHISH SURIN
13BTAG001
DAISY KARISHMA
KANDULNA
13BTAG002
JANGAM DAIVAVARAM
13BTAG003
&

O
CALEB PRADHAN F
13BTAG004

CONTENT

01.

02.

Introduction & History of Hydropower

Types of Hydropower

03

Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydropower

04

Numerical Analysis of Hydropower

05

Hydropower in India
References

INTRODUCTION

Hydropowerorwater power(from theGreek

:hydor,meaning "water") is thepowerderived from
theenergyof falling water or fast running water,
which may be harnessed for useful purposes
Since ancient times, hydropower from many kinds
ofwatermillshas been used as arenewable energy
source forirrigationand the operation of various
mechanical devices, such asgristmills,sawmills,
textilemills,trip hammers, dockcranes, domestic
lifts, andoremills.

FIGURE BELOW SHOWS USES OF HYDROPOWER

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

of Hydropower(Primitive use)

The power of a wave of water released from a tank

was used for extraction of metal ores in a method
known ashushing. The method was first used at the
Dolaucothi Gold MinesinWalesfrom 75 AD onwards,
but had been developed inSpainat such mines as
Las Mdulas.
InIndia,water wheelsandwatermillswere built in
Imperial Rome, water powered mills produced flour
from grain, and were also used for sawing timber
and stone; in China, watermills were widely used
since theHan dynasty. InChinaand the rest of the
Far East, hydraulically operated "pot wheel" pumps
raised water into crop or irrigation canals.

MODERN DAY USE OF HYDROPOWER

In the late 19th century, hydropower became a

source for generatingelectricity.Cragsidein
Northumberland was the first house powered by
hydroelectricity in 1878.and the first commercial
hydroelectric power plant was built atNiagara Falls
in 1879. In 1881, street lamps in the city of Niagara
Falls were powered by hydropower.
Since the early 20th century, the term has been
used almost exclusively in conjunction with the
modern development ofhydroelectric power.

TYPES OF HYDROPOWER

Hydropower is used primarily to generateelectricity. Broad

categories include:
Conventional hydroelectric, referring to hydroelectric dams.
Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity, which captures the
kinetic energy in rivers or streams, without a large reservoir
and sometimes without the use of dams.
Small hydroprojects are 10 megawatts or less and often
have no artificial reservoirs.
Micro hydroprojects provide a few kilowatts to a few
hundred kilowatts to isolated homes, villages, or small
industries.
Conduit hydroelectricityprojects utilize water which has
already been diverted for use elsewhere; in a municipal water
system, for example.
Pumped-storage hydroelectricitystores water pumped
uphill into reservoirs during periods of low demand to be
released for generation when demand is high or system

TYPES OF HYDROPOWER(A PHOTOGRAPHIC

VIEW)

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF HYDROPOWER

Ahydropowerresourcecanbeevaluatedbyitsavailablepower.
Powerisafunctionofthehydraulicheadandrate offluidflow.
Thehead istheenergyperunitweight(orunitmass)ofwater.
Thestaticheadisproportionaltothedifferenceinheightthroughwhichthewaterfalls.
Dynamicheadisrelatedtothevelocityofmovingwater.
Each unitofwatercandoanamountofworkequaltoitsweighttimesthehead.
Thepoweravailablefromfallingwater
canbecalculatedfromtheflowrateanddensityofwater,theheightoffall,
andthelocalaccelerationduetogravity.
InSIunits,thepoweris:
Where
Pispowerinwatts
isthedimensionlessefficiencyoftheturbine
isthedensityofwaterinkilogramspercubicmetre
Qistheflowincubicmetrespersecond
gistheaccelerationduetogravity
histheheightdifferencebetweeninletandoutletinmetres

ADVANTAGES

Hydropowerisafueledbywater,soit'sacleanfuelsource.Hydropowerd
oesn'tpollute
theairlikepowerplantsthatburnfossilfuels,suchascoalornaturalgas.
Hydropowerisadomesticsourceofenergy,producedintheUnitedStat
es.
Hydropowerreliesonthewatercycle,whichisdrivenbythesun,thusit'sa
renewablepowersource.
HydropowerisgenerallyavailableasneededEngineerscancontrolthe
flowofwaterthroughtheturbinestoproduceelectricityondemand.
Hydropowerplantsprovidebenefitsinadditiontocleanelectricity.

Impoundmenthydropowercreatesreservoirsthatofferavarietyofrecreati
onalopportunities,notablyfishing,swimming,andboating.Mosthydropo
werinstallationsarerequiredtoprovidesomepublcaccesstothereservoir
toallowthepublictotakeadvantageoftheseopportunities.
Otherbenefitsmayincludewatersupplyandfloodcontrol.

DISADVANTAGES

Fishpopulationscanbeimpactediffishcannotmigrateupstream
pastimpoundmentdamstospawninggroundsoriftheycannotmigrat
edownstreamtotheocean.Upstreamfishpassagecanbeaidedusing
fishladdersorelevators,orbytrappingandhaulingthefishupstream
by
truck.Downstreamfishpassageisaidedbydivertingfishfrom
turbineintakesusingscreensorracksorevenunderwaterlights
andsounds,andbymaintainingaminimumspillflowpasttheturbine.

Hydropowercanimpactwaterqualityandflow.Hydropowerplants
cancauselowdissolvedoxygenlevelsinthewater,aproblemth
atisharmfultoriparian(riverbank)habitatsandis
addressedusingvariousaerationtechniques,whichoxygenatethewa
ter.Maintainingminimumflowsofwaterdownstreamofahydropower
installationisalsocriticalforthesurvivalofriparianhabitats.
Hydropowerplantscanbeimpactedbydrought.Whenwaterisnot
available,thehydropowerplantscan'tproduceelectricity.Newhydrop
owerfacilitiesimpactthelocal environment
andmaycompetewithotherusesfortheland.Thosealternative
usesmaybemorehighly

SCENARIO OF HYDROPOWER IN INDIA

Indiais the 7th largest producer of hydroelectric power in the

world.
As of March 31, 2016, the installed utility scale capacity was 42,783
MW, which was 14.35% of total utility electricity generation capacity
in India.
In addition, small hydro power units with a cumulative capacity of
4,274 MW have been installed.Between 2014 and 2015, the total
hydroelectric generation was 129 TWh.
The hydroelectric power potential of India is estimated at
84,000MWat 60% load factor, one of the largest in the world.
India also imports surplus hydro power fromBhutan. Thehydroelectricpowerplants atDarjeelingandShivanasamudrawere
established in 1898 and 1902 respectively and were among the first in
Asia. India has been a dominant player in global hydro power
development.

A LOOK AT FEW HYDROPOWER PROJECTS IN INDIA

REFERENCES

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower
(Accessed on November 30, 2016)

http://esa21.kennesaw.edu/activities/hydroele
ctric/hydroactivity.pdf
(Accessed on November 30, 2016)

http://www.envirothonpa.org/documents/19b
HydropowerAdvantagesandDisadvantages.pd
f(Accessed on November 30, 2016)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelect
ric_power_in_India(Accessed on
November 30, 2016)