Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Inmunizaciones en la regin
de las Amricas y el mundo.
Riesgos y desafos.
Gladys Ghisays Asesora de
Inmunizaciones OPS/OMS
Ecuador
Contenido
Estado actual de la
Introduccin de vacunas en
el mundo
Coberturas y riesgos
Vigilancia de EPV
Impacto de las vacunas
Desafos presentes y futuros
Introduced* to date
* Includes partial introduction
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning
the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the
delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border
lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. WHO 2016. All rights reserved.
Introduced* to date
Planned introductions in 2016
* Includes partial introduction
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning
the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the
delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border
lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. WHO 2016. All rights reserved.
Introduced* to date
Planned introductions in 2016
* Includes partial introduction
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning
the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the
delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border
lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. WHO 2016. All rights reserved.
Introduced* to date
Not Available,
Not Introduced/No Plans
Not applicable
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning
the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the
delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border
lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. WHO 2016. All rights reserved.
Introduced to date
Planned introductions in 2016
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning
the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the
delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border
lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. WHO 2016. All rights reserved.
Introduced to date
Planned introductions in 2016
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning
the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the
delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border
lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. WHO 2016. All rights reserved.
0 8501,700
3,400 Kilometers
(4 countries or 2%)
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning
the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the
delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border
lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. WHO 2016. All rights reserved.
Introduced to date
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning
the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the
delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border
lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. WHO 2016. All rights reserved.
100
80
60
40
20
0
DPT3
Polio3
MMR1
BCG
Vacunas
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Inmunizacin
Enfermedades
eliminadas
o en eliminacin
Difteria,
tosferina, TN,
rotavirus,
neumonas y
meningitis,
Rubolay
varicela, SRC
TB, FA,
TNN
Parotiditis, VPH
Sarampin, HB
En erradicacin o
erradicadas
Poliomielitis
Viruela
Dengue?
malaria?
Enfermedades en
Control
Nuevas
vacunas
Coverage ranges
95%
80-94%
<80%
117
110
109
109
109
105
105
102
102
116
Cambio en el denominador de acue rdo a censo INEC 2010 y Reforma
114
114
del MSP que elimina el Programa y lo convie rte en Estrate gia
109
100
90
90
83
88 87 87
80
89
79
81
84 83 84
88
75
78
81
69
70
60
50
40
30
20
24
17
16
10
0
2010
2011
BCG
Hepatitis B
2012
Rotavirus2
2013
Neumococo2
2014
Pentavalente3
OPV3
2015
84
78
Sarampin
100
96
101
97
94
93
89
90
89
88
80 81
80
74
70 71
70
76
86 87
79 78
73
84
78
78 78
70
59
60
76
72
59
50
40
30
20
16
10
0
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2014
2015
Mxico
# de
casos
Alcance de las
actividades de control
de los brotes
Costo
(USD)*
Chile
(2009)
Limitado a 1
municipio
12,400
Per
(2009)
1 municipio en Per y
1 en Ecuador
20,300
Toda la nacin
8.5 milln
Provincia (Quebec)
9.5 milln
Ecuador
(2011-12)
328
Canad
(2011)
686
*Los costos estimados incluyen investigacin de los brotes, el seguimiento de los contactos y las
actividades de vacunacin. Fuente: Informes de los pases al OPS
2019-2020
2016
Retirada
A finales de 2015
Cambio
de bOPV
tOPV a bOPV
Introduccin
al menos una dosis de la vacuna
IPV en el esquema rutinario.
27
La inmunidad
poblacional,
especialmente
la intestinal
disminuir
Como
consecuen
cia
de la
retirada
de la
OPV2:
La
diseminacin
secundaria de
los virus
relacionados
con OPV2 se
reducir
Riesgo de brote
epidmico en
caso de
exposicin a un
PV2 aumentar.
100
80
100
Casos
80
Cobertura
70
60
50
60
40
40
30
20
20
10
Ao
Cobertura
90
120
Casos
875 1,750
3,500 Kilometers
Data Source: Joint Reporting Form, Data for 2012 as at 27 th May 2013
Map production: Immunization Vaccines and Biologicals, (IVB), World Health Organization
111
100
89
81
80
83
81
66
60
40
20
0
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Fiebre Amarilla
Areas enzoticas y casos reportados
Clasificacin
de Riesgo
(Por debajo
de 2300
metros)
Hasta 2007:
BOL,
BRA, COL,
ECU,
F.GUIANA,
GUY, PAN, PER,
SUR, TRT y
VEN
2008:
Expansin
rea PAR y
norte de ARG
Rutina
Vacuna en el esquema regular
a los 12 meses de edad,
simultneamente con SRP
Campaas preventivas en
periodos inter- epidmicos
Vacunacin en etapas o fases
Campaas de corta duracin
Campaas en respuesta a
brotes
(No revacunacin)
reas no-enzoticas
Campaas de
Vacunacin
Vacunacin de viajeros
Vigilancia epidemiolgica y
adecuada respuesta a
brotes
Stock de vacunas a nivel
nac.
Si un brote es detectado en
una nueva rea, aplican las
mismas recomendaciones de
las reas enzoticas
67
64
64
60
50
40
37
30
20
10
0
9 aos
10 aos0
2014
2015
11 aos0
Nuevos desafos
1. Certificar la eliminacin del sarampin en la
Regin;
2. Factibilidad de la eliminacin de la Hepatitis B
perinatal en las Amricas
3. Alcanzar coberturas homogneas iguales o
superiores a 95% en todos los municipios de los
pases de la Regin.
4. Uso del Registro Nominal Informatizado (RNI) de
vacunacin en todos los pases.
5. Finalizar exitosamente la erradicacin mundial de
la poliomielitis
6. Fortalecer las capacidades de los pases de la
Regin en estudios de evaluacin de costo
Erradicacin de la Viruela
OMS Ginebra Suiza
Gracias