COMPUT

ERS

COMPUTE
R

Machine that can be programmed

to process data (input) into useful
information (output)
Electronic data processing
machine capable of performing
mathematical and logical
operations accurately and
processing large volumes of data
at high speeds
Process data according to a list of
internally stored instructions called
program
It requires four main aspects of
data handling-input, processing,
output and storage
Has the ability to handle large
volumes of repetitive tasks
accurately over long period of time
It can also communicate with its
operators and with other machines

Early
Developed
Computers

1. ENIAC
Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer
The First True General
Purpose Computer
Vacuum Tube Operated
Computer
Developed by William
Mauchly and J. Presper
Eckert in 1943

2. EDVAC
Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer
The First Stored Computer
Program
The Design was proposed by

Early
Developed
Computers

3. EDSAC
Electronic Delay Storage
Automatic Calculator
Makes use of one of the first
assemblers known as the
Initial Orders
Performed its very first
calculation in May, 1949

4. UNIVAC
Universal Automatic
Computer
The First commercially
available computer for
business application which
is based on ENIAC design

Classificati
ons

1. According to Design
a. General Purpose

performs variety of
operations

versatile enough to process

diversified tasks
b. Special Purpose

Performs Specific
Operations
2.
According
Application

Example is to
Automatic
a. Scientific
Tire Alignment

Small volumes of data

Performs complex
calculations using
sophisticated formulas
b. Business

Large volumes of data and

involve simpler calculations

Classificati
3. According
to Size
ons

a. Microcomputers
Often referred to as personal
computers
Normally used by one person at a time
Can be used independently or as a
terminal device

Types of
Microcomputers

Tower Case

Desktop

Laptop

Classificati
3. According
ons to Size

b. Minicomputers
May refer to LAN server
Widely used in retail
businesses
Supports 2 to 50 computers
c. Mainframe Computers
Capable of processing data at
very high speeds-millions of
instructions per second and
have an access to billions of
characters
Principal use is for processing
vast amounts of data quickly
Usually used as a server for

Classificati
3. According
ons to Size
d.

Supercomputers
Largest and most powerful computer
Process billions of instructions per second
Its customers may involve agencies in the federal
government
Require for mammoth data manipulation of
worldwide weather forecasting and weapons
research
Typically house in special rooms

Parts of the Computer

1. Hardware System

a. Input Devices

Interface or group of interface where people talk to the

computer
Keyboard

The keys on the computer

keyboard are arranged in
much the same way as
those on the typewriter
Mouse

Device that looks like a little bit

like a mouse

Those with ball inside is rolled on

a flat surface usually the desk on
which the computer sits with the
rolling movement causes a
corresponding movement on the
screen through the pointer or
cursor

Parts of the Computer

Scanner
System
Device that uses a light source to
read text and images directly to the
computer
1. Flatbed

Looks and behave like a

photocopier

You lay the item to be scanned

on a glass plate and the
scanning head passes below the
glass
2. Sheetfed

Looks and acts like a fax

machine

The page or item is fed into the

machine scanned, then spit out
on the other end
3. Hand

Low cost alternative

Manual device you move over a

flat surface just as you do with

Parts of the Computer

System
Bar Code Reader

Device that uses a laser beam or

reflected light to read special
letters, numbers or symbols of
Universal Product Codes (UPC) and
other types of Bar Codes

Touch Screens
Input directly from the source
with human simply point to a
selection in the screen

Parts of the Computer

b. OutputSystem
Devices

Device that give out information coming from the

computer
Devices where computer interacts with the user

Monitor/Screen

Indispensable output device similar

to a television

CRT Screen uses technology called

raster-scan technology

Computer display screen that can

be used for graphics is divided into
dots called addressable because
they can be addressed individually
by the graphics software

Color screen standards include

CGA (Color Graphics Adapter) with
320 x 200 pixels, sharper EGA
(Enhanced Graphics Adapter) with
640 x 350 pixels. VGA (Video
Graphics Array ) has 640 x 480
pixels and SVGA (Super VGA) offers

Parts of the Computer

Printers
System

Device that produces

printed paper output,
1.

2.

known in the computer industry as hard copy

because it is tangible and permanent
Impact Printer
Use some sort of physical contact with the
paper to produce an image, physically striking
paper, ribbon and print hammer together
Dot Matrix is an example which uses print head
to strike an inked ribbon against paper like a
typewriter creating characters out of series of
dots
High quality impact printers print only one
character at a time.
Non Impact Printers
Places an image without physically touching
the page
Laser Printers use light beam to help transfer
images to paper producing extremely high
quality results and also it combines a magnetic
roller with powered ink called toner to transfer
high quality characters or image onto the
papers
Ink Jet Printers by spraying ink from the
multiple jet nozzles can print black and white
and several different colors of ink to produce
excellent graphics

Others

Dot
Matrix

Laser

Inkjet