m


(AMOEBIC DYSENTERY)
|

u Amoebiasis refers to
infection caused by
Entamoeba
Histolytica
u Incubation Period
u 3 days in severe infection
u several months in subacute and chronic form
u 3 to 4 weeks, average
u Period of Communicability
u for the duration of illness
u Mode of Transmission
u orogenital, oroanal
u oral-fecal

  

u Acute Amoebic Dysentery
u stools contain blood & mucus; may give rise to
amoebic hepatitis or liver abcess
u Chronic Dysentery
u w/ recurrent attacks of diarrhea or relatively mild
dysentery
u Amoebic Colitis
u characterized by periods of constipation and diarrhea
and episodes of abdominal discomforts frequently
stimulating appendicitis
u Carriers, asymptomatic
u stools contains the organism but remain free of
symptoms
 
 
 
u Acute Amoebic Dysentery
u slight attacks of diarrhea, alternating periods of
constipation often accompanied by tenesmus
u  
 
   
 



u colic and gaseous distention
u Chronic Amoebic Dysentery
u attacks of dysentery lasting for several days
u nausea and vomiting (rare)
u anorexia, weight loss and weakness
u enlarged liver
 

u Extraintestinal
u


Forms  
(hepatic)
Acute non-suppurative
u fever, weight loss
u liver enlarged and tender
u coughing due liver enlargement
u Liver Abscess
u fever and chills
u hepatomegaly
u pain and tenderness in the right upper abdominal quadrant
u leukocytosis, neutrophilia
u x-ray of chest: elevated diaphragm
u aspiration of abscess: thick reddish brown fluid (choco-like)
Ê

 




0 Extraintestinal Forms (hepatic)
0 Pulmonary
0 dyspnea and pain in the right chest
0 hydrothorax and pneumonitis
0 Cutaneous
0 superficial ulcers, perianally
0 Abscess of brain and spleen
| 
u Identification of organism;
u Dysenteric Stools
u Sigmoidoscopy
u Aspiration of Abscess
u Serologic Examination
u Hemagglutination Test
u Radiographic Examination
V
 
u Mild and asymptomatic
u Bismuth Glycoarsenilate combined with Chloroquine
u Severe Amoebic Colitis
u [


u Severe Dysenteric Amoebiasis
u Emetine
u maybe shifted to Metronidazole or Bismuth
Glycoarsenilate w/ Chloroquine
u Liver Abscess
u Emetine combined w/ Chloroquine
u Extra-intestinal
u high dosage of metronidazole
?

 
u Isolation of the patient
u Care of exposed persons
u Health Teachings
u boiling of drinking water
u hand washing
u covering of left-over foods
u proper cleaning of kitchen utensils
u proper cleaning of vegetable
u safe homosexual sexual practices
u Lessen effects of severe diarrhea
m
 
V

 
V
u Gonorrhea
u AIDS
u Syphilis
u Herpes Simplex
Gonorrhea
|

uGonorrhea is an
infection involving the
mucosal surface of the
genitourinary tract,
rectum, and pharynx

u caused by gonococcus
Neisseria Gonorrheae
u Mode of Transmission
u in utero following
rupture of membrane

u Incubation Period
u 2 to 7 days

u Period of
Communicability
u as long as gonococci
are present in patient
 
 
 
Neonatal Period
u opthalmia neonatorum
u profuse purulent
conjunctiva exudate
u if untreated, it may lead
to corneal ulceration to
blindness
u amnionitis, neonatal
sepsis, pneumonitis and
meningitis
 
 
 
3ncomplicated Genital Infection
u purulent urethral discharge
u dysuria
u prosthatitis
u pelvic pain and fever
u severe scrotal pain
u urethral stricture
u spread of infection to posterior
urethra, prostate, seminal vesicles
and epididymitis
 
 
 
3ncomplicated Genital
Infection
u inflamed cervix w/ purulent
discharge
u infection spreading to anus and
urethra and up to the endometrium
u vaginal discharge
u urinary frequency and pain
 
 
 
Disseminated Infection
u Eary Bacteremic Phase
u fever
u pustular or hemorrhagic skin
lesion
u tendosynovitis
u Septic Arthritis Stage
u multiple joints involvement
associated w/ fever, chills and skin
lesions
 
 
 
u Anorectal Manifestations
u anal and rectal burning,
itching, bleeding,
mucopurulent discharge
u painful defecation

u Pharyngeal
Manifestations
u sore throat
 
 
 
u Adult Gonoccoal
Conjunctivitis
| 
u Identification of the organism
u Gram-strained Smear
u Culture
u Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test
V
 
u Medical
u Tetracycline
u Amoxicillin/ampicillin
u Aqueous Procaine Penicillin G
u Spectinomycin
u for Penicillin resistant
u Treatment of Sexual Partner/s
?

 
u Isolation of patient
u Neonatal prevention
u silver nitrate
u aqueous penicillin given IV or IM for positive
gonorrhea mothers
u Control Measures
u active immunization
u passive immunization
u public health control
u Health Education
SYPHILIS
|

u Syphilis is a chronic
infectious multisystem
disease caused by
Treponema Pallidum

u characterized by an initial
curaneous lesion and
subsequent widespread
systemic dissemination
u Mode of Transmission
u sexual contact
u congenital origin
u Period of Communicability
u transmittable for approximately 5 years by sexual
intercourse
u highly communicable during the earliest months or 1 to
2 years after the onset of infection
 
 
 
u Syphilis is capable of
destroying tissue in
almost any organ in
the body
u It produce a wide
variety of clinical
manifestations
p  

 p

 
u Incubation Period
u 10 to 90 days, average 21
days
u no symptoms or lesions

u Primary Syphilis
u most infectious stage 91
to 6 weeks
u Manifestations
u ññ
   


p  

 p

 
u Secondary Syphilis
u follows onset of chancre
by 9 to 90 days
u Signs and Symptoms
u Influenza-like Syndrome
u common lesion
u dermatitis
u mucous patches
u alopecia
u Iritis
p  

 p

 
u Tertiary Syphilis
u symptoms recede w/o
treatment due to
development of some
immunity
u Late Syphilis
u manifestations occur 10
to 30 years after
exposure
u appearance of internal
and external lesions
| 
u Dark-Field Examination of Chancre Fluid
u test for presence of T. Pallidum from scraped moist lesion
u Serological Tests
u Nontreponemal Tests
u Flocculation
u Complement Fixation Test
u Treponemal Test
u T. Pallidum Hemagglutination Test
u Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption Test
V
 
u Aqueous Penicillin
u Benzathine Penicillin G
u Topical Corticosteroids
u Erythromycin
u Tetracycline
?

 
u Case finding
u Health teaching & guidance along preventive measure
u Proper direction on how to use community resources
and services
ACQ3IRED IMM3NE DEFICIENCY
SYNDROME
|

u AIDS is a disease complex
characterized by a
collapse of the bodyǯs
natural immunity against
disease.

u Failure of the immune

system makes one
vulnerable one or more
unusual infections or
cancers that usually do
not pose a threat to
anyone w/ a normal
working immune system
c 
u AIDS virus
u other names;
u Human T-lymphotropic Virus, Type III (HTLV-III)
u Lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV)
u AIDS related virus (ARV)
u Retro virus
 
V
 
u direct blood to blood
u blood transfusion
u hemophiliacs
u IV drugs abuser
u semen to blood (semen to semen?)
u promiscuous sexual practice
u anal intercourse
O
 
u monogamous relationship
u use of protective barrier during sexual intercourse
u proper blood screening