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Dewi Handayani
1
Functionalization
Review
Jenis pemutusan ikatan:
- homolitik (terjadi pada pelarut non polar dan fasa gas)
CH4
CH3CH3
(C2H6)
ethana
CH3CH2CH3
(C3H8)
propana (LPG)
CH3CH2CH2CH3 (C4H10)
75-85% CH4
5-10% C2H6
1-5%
C 3H8
butana
C4H10
Pemantik butane :
5% n-butana
95% isobutana
n-butana
Chem3D
H H H H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H H H H
CH3
straight chain
isomer
konstitutional
CH CH3
CH3
isobutana
Rantai bercabang
7
C5H12
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
n-pentana
isopentana
neopentana
CH3
C6H14
C10H22
C20H42
5 isomer
75 isomer
366,319 isomer
DISKUSI
10
H
H
C
H O
C
Br
N
1
H
H C
OH
Cl
11
CH2
Br2
H2C
CH2
H H
H2C
CH2
+ H2O
H C
C H
H OH
Contoh soal:
Gambarkan isomer konstitusional
berikut.
C6H14 (5)
C7H16 (9)
Check Answer
13
Jawaban:
C6H14 (5)
C7H16 (9)
14
methyl carbons
CH3
CH3
CH CH2
CH3
methylene carbon
methine carbon
15
Hidrokarbon jenuh
Hidrokarbon alifatik
Hidrokarbon siklik
: CnH2n
Cincin atau ikatan rangkap mengurangi 2 H pada ikatan rangkap atau tiap cincin
Contoh:
CH3CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH=CH2
C4H10
C4 H8
C4 H8
16
Tatanama
Tatanama IUPAC
Rantai induk: normal alkana
Nama sistematik: {rantai samping}rantai induk{suffix}
Rantai induk:
CH4
CH3CH3
CH3CH2CH3
CH3(CH2)2CH3
CH3(CH2)3CH3
CH3(CH2)4CH3
n-C7H16
n-C8H18
n-C9H20
n-C10H22
metana
etana
propana
butana
pentana
heksana
heptana
oktana
nonana
dekana
n-C11H24
n-C12H26
n-C13H28
n-C14H30
n-C20H42
n-C30H62
n-C40H82
etc.
undekana
dodekana
tridekana
tetradekana
ikosana
triakontana
tetrakontana
know
to here
(teens)
17
CH3
methyl group
CH3 CH2
ethyl group
propyl
CH3CH2CH2CH2
butyl
CH3CH2CHCH3 sec-butyl
CH3
isobutyl
CH3
CH CH2
CH3
CH3
tert-butyl
CH3
18
Aturan IUPAC
1. Tentukan rantai terpanjang yang kontinu (straight) =rantai
induk
2. Beri nomor rantai induk, dengan no rendah ada pada karbon
yang tersubstitusi
CH2
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH CH3
3. Dua atau lebih gugus yang identik diberi nama di, tri, tetra dll
2,3,6-trimetilheptana (not 2,5,6-trimetil
heptana)
2,2,6,6,7-pentametiloktana (not
2,3,3,7,7-pentametiloktane)
19
5-etil-6-metildekana
20
2,4,6-trimetil-5-propiloktana
7. Rantai samping kompleks (biasanya > 4 carbon) diberi nama
sistematis
a. mulai penomoran pada karbon yang terikat pada rantai induk
b. nama ditulis dalam tanda kurung
c. Huruf pertama diurut alfabetis, (regardless of what it is)
2
1
4-(1,2-dimethylpropyl)-3-(1-methylethyl)decane
1
3
2
21
Check Answer
22
Jawaban
6-etil-2,2,5,7-tetrametilnonana (not
6,7-dietil-2,2,5-trimetiloktana. :)
8-iso-butil-7-tert-butil-4-isopropildodecana
(hyphenated words arent alphabetized).
OR
7-(2,2-dimetiletiyl)-4-(1-metiyletil)8-(2-metilpropiyl)dodecana
23
SIKLOALKANA
CH2
=
H2C CH2
RUMUS UMUM
CnH2n
siklopropana
etilsiklobutana
1-isopropil-3-metilsiklopentana
24
Check Answer
25
1,1,2-trimetilsikloheksana
2,3-dimetilheksana-4-siklopentil
1,2-disiklopropiletana
26
-0.4C
36C
-10.2C
28C
9C
Senyawa non polar, larut dalam pelarut non polar (dietil eter, benzena)
27
A. Pembakaran (Combustion)
C8H18 +
~
1307.5 kcal
~
~
1306.3 kcal
~
~
1304.6 kcal
~
~
1303.0 kcal
~
CO2 + H2O
28
B. Reaksi halogenasi
250oC 400oC
sinar
CH4 + X2
CH3X + HX
CH4 + Cl2
CH3Cl + HCl
29
H3C
CH3
H2C
CH2
HC
CH
oxidation
fewer C-H bonds
reduction
more C-H bonds
Cl
+1
+1 +1
-1 C
+1
-1
O
-1
2. Jumlah atom
-1 total
Cl
+1
+1 +1
-1 C
+1
-1
O
-1
H O
C
Br
H
H
C
OH
Cl
Check Answer
32
Jawaban:
H C N
C = +2
H O
2
H C
1
C O H
C1 = +3; C2 = -1
Br
H
H C Cl
C=0
OH
33
Br Br
H2C
CH2
Br2
H2C
CH2
H H
H2C
CH2
+ H2O
H C C H
H OH
Check Answer
34
Jawaban:
Br Br
H2C
CH2
Br2
H2C
CH2
H H
H2C
CH2
+ H2O
H C C H
H OH
Check Answer
35
B. Reaksi halogenasi
250oC 400oC
sinar
CH4 + X2
OH
H C H
H C H
CH3X + HX
OH
oxidation
more C-O bonds, fewer C-H bonds
reduction
fewer C-O bonds, more C-H bonds
36