PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM

THE SUM OF THE AREAS OF THE TWO SQUARES ON THE LEGS(A

AND B) EQUALS
THE AREA OF THE SQUARE ON THE HYPOTENUSE(C).

IN MATHEMATICS,THE PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM,ALSO KNOWN

AS PYTHAGORAS
THEOREM,IS A FUNDAMENTRAL RELATION IN EUCLIDEAN
GEOMETRY AMONG
THE THREE SIDES OF A RIGHT TRIANGLE.IT STATES THAT THE
SQUARE OF THE
HYPOTENUSE(THE SIDE OPPOSITE THE RIGHT ANGLE) IS EQUAL
TO THE
SUM OF THE SQUARES OF THE OTHER TWO SIDES.THE
THEOREM CAN
BE WRITTEN AS AN EQUATION RELATING THE LENGTHS OF THE
SIDES A,B
AND C OFTEN CALLED THE PYTHAGOREAN EQUATION.

2= C2

+B

WHERE C REPRESENTS THE LENGTH OF THE HYPOTENUSE AND

A AND B THE
LENGTHS OF THE TRIANGLES OTHER TWO SIDES.

THIS THEOREM HAS MANY DIFFERENT PROOFS FOR NDIMENSIONAL SOLIDS

ONE SIMPLE EXAMPLE:YOU HAVE LOCKED OUT OF YOUR HOUSE AND THE
ONLY OPEN WINDOW IS ON THE SECOND FLOOR,25
FEET ABOVE THEGROUND.YOU NEED TO BORROW A
LADDER FROM ONE OF YOUR NEIGHBOURS.THERES
A BLUSH ALONG THE EDGE OF
HOUSE,SOYOULL HAVE TO PASS THE LADDER 10
FEET FROM
THE HOUSE.WHAT LENGTH OF LADDER DO YOU
NEED TO REACH
THE WINDOW?
.

SOLUTION: SUPPOSE AB IS THE LENGTH OF WINDOW THAT IS 25

FEET
ABOVE THE GROUND.
A

BC IS THE DISTANCE FROM THE HOUSE THAT IS ,10 10 FEET

FROM THE EDGE OF
HOUSE . SO THE LENGTH OF LADDER IS AC.

AB +BC =AC
25 +10= AC
625+100=725
AC=

25*281=

5281 FEET

Proof of Pythagoras theorem

GIVEN :- A RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE ABC IN WHICH ANGLE B = 90 .
TO PROOVE :- (HYPOTENUSE) = (BASE) +(PERPENDICULAR)
I.E.,AC =AB + BC
CONSTRUCTION :- FROM B DRAW BD PERPENDICULAR TO AC.
B

PROOF:- IN TRIANGLE ADB AND ABC , WE HAVE

ANGLE ADB = ANGLE ABC
AND,

[EACH 90 DEGREE]

ANGLE A = ANGLE A

[COMMON]

SO, BY AA SIMILARITY, WE HAVE

TRIANGLE ADB ~ TRIANGLE ABC
AD/AB = AB/AC [ IN SIMILAR TRIANGLE
CORRESPONDING SIDES ARE
PROPORTIONAL ]
AB2 = AD*AC

(1)

IN TRIANGLE BDC AND ABC , WE HAVE

ANGLE CDB = ANGLE ABC
AND,

ANGLE C = ANGLE C

[EACH EQUAL TO 90 DEGREE]

[COMMON]

SO , BY AA SIMILARITY , WE HAVE
TRIANGLE BDC ~ TRIANGLE ABC
DC/BC = BC/AC [IN SIMILAR TRIANGLES CORRESPONDING SIDES ARE
PROPORTIONAL]
BC =AC * DC
ADDING EQUATIONS (1) AND (2) , WE GET
AB +BC =AD * AC +AC * DC
AB + BC =AC (AD + DC )
AB + BC = AC * AC
AB + BC = AC
HENCE,

AC = AB + BC

(2)

OTHER FORMS OF THE THEOREM

AS POINTED OUT IN THE INTRODUCTION ,IF C DONATES THE LENGTH OF THE HYPOTENUSE
AND A AND B DENOTE THE LENGTHS OF THE OTHER TWO SIDES , THE PYTHAGOREAN
THEOREM CAN BE EXPRESSED AS THE PYTHAGOREAN
EQUATION:
IF THE LENGTH OF BOTH A AND B ARE KNOWN, THEN C CAN BE CALCULATED AS
C= A +B
IF THE LENGTH OF THE HYPOTENUSE C AND OF ONE SIDE (A OR B) ARE KNOWN, THEN THE
LENGTH OF THE OTHER SIDE
CAN BE CALCULATED AS
A= C - B
OR
B= C A

BY USING PYTHAGORAS THEOREM FIND THIRD SIDE

Q :- A LADDER IS PLACED IN SUCH A WAY THAT ITS FOOT IS AT A DISTANCE OF 5 M FROM A
WALL AND ITS TIP REACHES A WINDOW 12 M ABOVE GROUND . DETERMINE THE LENGTH
OF THE LADDER.
SOLUTION :- LET AB BE THE LADDER AND B BE THE WINDOW . THEN,
BC=12 M AND AC= 5 M

SINCE ABC IS RIGHT TRIANGLE RIGHT ANGLED AT C.

THEREFORE, AB= AC + BC

12 M

AB=5+12=169
AB=13 M

5M

HENCE, THE LENGTH OF LADDER IS 13 METER.

ABOUT
PYTHAGORAS
PYTHAGORAS OF SAMOS WAS AN IONIAN GREEK PHILOSOPHER, MATHEMATICIAN, AND
HAS BEEN
CREDITED AS THE FOUNDER OF THE MOVEMENT CALLED PYTHAGOREANISM. MOST OF THE
INFORMATION ABOUT
PYTHAGORAS WAS WRITTEN DOWN CENTURIES AFTER HE LIVED, SO VERY LITTLE RELIABLE
INFORMATION IS KNOWN
ABOUT HIM. HE WAS BORN ON THE ISLAND OF SAMOS, AND TRAVELED, VISITING EGYPT AND
GREECE, AND MAYBE
INDIA, AND IN 520 BC RETURNED TO SAMOS.[5] AROUND 530 BC, HE MOVED TO CROTON, IN
MAGNA GRAECIA,
AND THERE ESTABLISHED SOME KIND OF SCHOOL OR GUILD.
PYTHAGORAS MADE INFLUENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION IN THE
LATE 6TH CENTURY BC.

 HE IS OFTEN REVERED AS A GREAT MATHEMATICIAN AND SCIENTIST AND IS

BEST KNOWN FOR THE PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM WHICH BEARS HIS NAME.
HOWEVER, BECAUSE LEGEND AND OBFUSCATION CLOUD HIS WORK EVEN
MORE THAN THAT OF THE OTHER PRE-SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHERS, ONE CAN
GIVE ONLY A TENTATIVE ACCOUNT OF HIS TEACHINGS, AND SOME HAVE
QUESTIONED WHETHER HE CONTRIBUTED MUCH TO MATHEMATICS OR
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. MANY OF THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS CREDITED TO
PYTHAGORAS MAY ACTUALLY HAVE BEEN ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF HIS
COLLEAGUES AND SUCCESSORS. SOME ACCOUNTS MENTION THAT THE
PHILOSOPHY ASSOCIATED WITH PYTHAGORAS WAS RELATED TO
MATHEMATICS AND THAT NUMBERS WERE IMPORTANT. IT WAS SAID THAT HE
WAS THE FIRST MAN TO CALL HIMSELF A PHILOSOPHER, OR LOVER OF
WISDOM,[6] AND PYTHAGOREAN IDEAS EXERCISED A MARKED INFLUENCE
ON PLATO, AND THROUGH HIM, ALL OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY.