Bullying

Behaviours, Indicators and Theories

What is Bullying?
Bullying is unwanted negative behaviour, verbal,

psychological, cyber or physical conducted by an individual or

group against another person(s) and which is repeated over
time (Department of Education & Skills, 2016)

It usually occurs due to a real or perceived power imbalance

between the bully and the bullied

Types of Bullying
Physical Bullying
Intimidation Bullying
Exclusion Bullying

Extortion Bullying
Cyber Bullying

Bullying Statistics
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Cyberbulling

Physical Bullying

Exclusion Bullying
Girls

Extortion Bullying

Intimidation Bullying

The Bullied
Afraid to go to school or other

activities
Appears anxious or fearful
Low self-esteem and makes

negative comments
Complains of feeling unwell

(headaches and stomach aches)

Lower interest in activities and

lower performance at school

Lonely and isolated at school

Loses things, needs money, reports

being hungry after school

Injuries, bruising, damaged clothing

or articles
Appears unhappy, irritable
Trouble sleeping, nightmares
Threats to hurt themselves or others
May appear isolated from the peer

group
Few friends at school or in

neighbourhood

The Bully
Aggressive with parents,

siblings, pets, and friends

Low concern for others

feelings
Bossy and manipulative

behaviour
Unexplained objects or money
Secretive about possessions

and activities

Holds a positive view of

aggression
Easily frustrated and quick to

anger
Does not recognize impact of

his/her behaviour
Child has friends who bully and

are aggressive
Child has trouble standing up

to peer pressure

Cyberbullying Indicators
Cyberbullying can have all of the regular behavioural indicators, however there
are also some other behaviours which may not apply to other forms of bullying

Unexpectedly stops using their device(s)

Appears nervous or jumpy when using device(s)
Appears uneasy about being at school or outside
Appears to be angry, depressed, or frustrated after texting,

chatting, using social media, or gaming

Becomes abnormally withdrawn

Avoids discussions about their activities online

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References
Department of Education & Skills. (2016). Anti-bullying Procedures for Primary and

Post-primary Schools. [online] Available at:

http://www.education.ie/en/Publications/Policy-Reports/Anti-Bullying-Procedures-for
-Primary-and-Post-Primary-Schools.pdf
[Accessed 1 Dec. 2016].

ISPCC. (2016). Bullying: The Facts. [online] Available at:

http://www.ispcc.ie/file/7/19_0/Bullying+-+the+facts.pdf [Accessed 1 Dec. 2016].