Study of Engineering Properties in

soil by using crumb rubber as a

Stabilizing Agent
Under the Guidance of
Mr.K.Deepak
Presented By
CH. Sai Aravind-13002164
V. Sharath Kumar-13002161

List of contents
Introduction
Literature review
Case Studies
Summary
References

Introduction
Solid waste management is one of the major environmental concerns
worldwide.
In India, the scrap tyres are being generated and accumulated in large
volumes causing an increasing threat to the environment.
The potential of using rubber from worn tyres in many civil engineering works
has been studied for more than 30 years.
Applications where tyres can be used have proven to be effective in protecting
the environment and conserving natural resources.
In recent times with the increase in the demand for infrastructure and feasible
foundation design in not applicable due to poor bearing capacity of ground soil
stabilization has started to take a new shape.

Literature review
Many researchers are looking for alternative materials for soil stabilization.
Studies have been conducted with the crumb rubber to observe the
characteristics of crumb rubber when mixed with soil.
The strength of soil-tyre chip mixture decreases once the rubber content
exceeds 30% in the mixture
because soil- tyre chip mixture behaves less like reinforced soil and more like
a tyre chip mass with sand inclusion (Fosse, 1996).
Rubber chips used in this study were retrieved from discarded used Lorries
tyre by crushing and removal of the textiles and metal fibers.
The rubber chips size are between 2 to 5 mm in average .

Contd
Researchers have shown that tyre shreds are highly compressible at low
normal pressure.
Falling head permeability tests were conducted on rubber mixed soil samples
it was observed that when water permeated through samples, a slight
increase in hydraulic conductivity was observed.
Lee et al., (1999) also determined the shear strength and stress strain
relationship of tyre chip and a mixture of sand and tyre chips.
They found out the stiffness and strength properties for tyre sheds and rubber
sand mixture.
Rao and Dutta, (2001) conducted studies on sand mixed with rubber chips.
Compressibility tests and triaxial tests were conducted.

Contd
The stress strain relations and strength parameters were studied.
It was found that the value of internal friction and effective cohesion of sand
increased with increase in percentage of rubber up to 15%.
The required amount of soil is collected from the trial pits at a depth of 2m
below the ground level.
Sufficient care has been taken to see that the collected soil sample is fairly
homogeneous.
The soil so obtained is air dried, crushed with wooden mallet and passed
through 4.75mm sieve.
The index properties of the soil are given in the Table 1. The soil is classified
as CH as per I.S. classification (I.S. 1498:1970) indicating that it is clay of
high plasticity.

Contd
S.No.

Property

Soil

Gravel %

Sand %

Silt + Clay %

92

Liquid limit %

94.3

Plastic limit %

49.33

Plasticity index %

45

Differential free swell

index %

123.94

IS Classification

CH

Maximum dry density

KN/m3

13.48

10

Optimum moisture
content %

33.5

11

C.B.R%

4.88

Contd
The general tests conducted to determine the engineering
properties are:
Wet Sieve Analysis
Liquid Limit
Plasticity index
Differential Free Swell Index
Standard Proctor Compaction Test
California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test
Unconfined Compression Test

Case Studies
JOURNAL 1
Soil Stabilisation Using Waste Shredded Rubber Tyre Chips:
This Journal presents improvement of load bearing capacity of soil by
undertaking a variety of ground improvement technique.
Here shredded rubber tyre is included into the soil at three different
percentages of fibre content, i.e. 5% 10% and 15% by weight of soil.
The samples were subjected to California bearing ratio and unconfined
compression tests.
The tests have clearly shown a significant improvement in the shear strength
and bearing capacity parameters of the studied soil.

JOURNAL 2
Study on Effect of Crumb Rubber on Behavior of Soil
This paper presents the stabilization of soils using crumb rubber at varying
percentages (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%).

The soil properties, compaction and unconfined compression strength were

used to gauge the behavior and performance of the stabilized soils.
From the tests conducted on the two soils, it was observed that maximum dry
density and optimum moisture content decreases with increase in percentage
of crumb rubber on soils.
The UCS value increased with increase in percentage of crumb rubber and the
maximum values were observed at 10% and 15% for the soil sample S1 and
soil sample S2 respectively.

JOURNAL 3
Experimental investigation on california bearing ratio for
mechanically stabilized expansive soil using waste rubber tyre
chips
This paper involves the detailed study on the possible use of waste rubber tyre
chips and lime for soil stabilization.
The analysis was done by conducting wet sieve analysis, compaction test and
CBR by replacing the soil with lime and waste rubber tyre chips.
The optimum percentage of waste rubber tyrechips and lime in soil was found
out by California Bearing Ratio Test.
The optimum percentage of lime is 4% and the optimum percentage waste
rubber tyre chips is 6%.

Proposals
By using crumb rubber in civil Engineering applications are
Subgrade insulation for roads
Subgrade fill and embankment
Landfills
Play ground surface material
Gravel substitution
Soil erosion control

Summary
The main objective is this term paper is to study the engineering properties by
using crumb rubber as a stabilizing agent in soil. The stabilization of soil using
crumb rubber is done by using different engineering properties and Laboratory
tests. By using these waste rubber tyre materials we modify the properties of
the soil and reuse it for different Civil Engineering applications.

References
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS
AND GEOSCIENCES Volume 4, No 3, 2014
Study on Effect of Crumb Rubber on Behavior
of Soil Shiva Prasad.A1, P.T.Ravichandran2,
R.Annadurai3, P.R.Kannan Rajkumar41- PG
Student, 2 Professor, 3 Professor and
Head, 4 Asst. Professor (Sr.G)Department of
Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and
Technology,SRM University, Kattankulathur,
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Soil Stabilisation Using Shredded Rubber
Tyre: A Review Ajay, K., and Jawaid, S.M.
(2013) Soil Modification Using Shredded
Scrap Tires. International Journal of
Biological Sciences & Technological Research
(IJBSTR) Research Papers, Vol. 1, pp.10-13.

International Journal of Civil Engineering

and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 6, Issue
11, Nov 2015, pp. 97-110, Article ID:
IJCIET_06_11_011 EXPERIMENTAL
INVESTIGATION ON CALIFORNIA BEARING
RATIO FOR MECHANICALLY STABILIZED
EXPANSIVE SOIL USING WASTE RUBBER
TYRE CHIPS
A Review on the Soil Stabilization Using
Low-Cost Method Amin Esmaeil Ramaji
School of Civil Engineering, Engineering
Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE