WATER POLLUTION THROUGH WASTE

DUMPING SITE
IMPLICATION OF BORAGAON MUNICIPAL
DUMPING SITE IN GUWAHATI, ASSAM

TABLE OF CONTENTS :
Introduction
Study area details
Sampling of groundwater
Experiments
Results
Air pollution due to dump site:
Conclusion
Reference

INTRODUCTION
As per WHO almost all disease in human are due
to pollution and degradation of environmental
diversity.
Landfills have been identified as one of the major
threats to groundwater resources.
Water resources nearby dumping sites have more
possibility of contamination due to percolation of
lechate produces from dumping sites.
Contamination of groundwater results in a
substantial risk to local groundwater resource
user and to the natural environment

Air pollution due to solid waste management is

release of pollutant after processing of solid
waste.
Dumping sites major contribution to air pollution
is methane and carbon dioxide.
Near to the study area of dumping site, a natural
reservoir exists i.e. Depor bill which is a wet land
(preservation and conservation bill, 2008). Its
natural resources help about 14 indigenous
villages near to the lake.

STUDY AREA DETAILS :

Samples were collected from water resources
near to the Boragaon dumping site(26.1164 N
latitude, 91.6833 E longitude).
Near to the study area of dumping site, a natural
reservoir exists i.e. Depor bill which is a wet
land.
The health of the people who takes the water for
their daily uses, is directly dependent on the
ecosystem of the lake.

SAMPLING OF WATER :

12 water samples were collected from 6 location(2

sample from each location) which has 3 ground
water source and remained are surface water
reserves.
Sample were collected from six different locations in
radius of 500m of dump site.
Site pictures :

Site 1

Site 2

Site 3

Site 5

Site 4

Site 6

LOCATION OF THE SITE

Site No.

Latitude

Latitude

Site 1

N260646

E9104037

Site 2

N260640

E9104045

Site 3

N260640

E9104045

Site 4

N260638

E9104044

Site 5

N260651

E9104049

Site 6

N260709

E9104058

The field testing kit was taken to the sampling sites

and the important in-situ parameters such as
temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were tested
at the site itself.
Water collected were acidified samples for elemental
tests and non-acidified samples for the analysis of
biological characteristics.

PARAMETER AND EXPERIMENTS :

Dissolved oxygen:
- Multiparameter Model HQ40D53 from Hach was used to get
dissolved oxygen at the site.
- End of cable of instrument was simply kept inside water
sample until stabilization.
- Result were shown instantly after test on screen.
- It is expressed in mg/l.
pH :
- pH was determined using Digital pH meter with electrode.
- . According to WHO the acceptable limit lies between 6.5
and 8.5.

Electrical conductivity :
- Electrical conductivity of the water samples was
measured by conductivity meter.
- Electrical conductivity of water increases as the
presence of ions increases in water.
- It is expressed in Microsiemens per
centimeter(S/cm).
Turbidity :
- Turbidity is defined as an expression of the optical
property that causes light to be scattered and
absorbed rather than transmitted in straight lines
through the sample.
- Nephelometers was used to measure turbidity of the
samples.
- It is expressed as NTU( Nephelometric turbidity unit).

Hardness :
- It is the measurement of presence of calcium and
magnesium in divalent form.
- In this test,EDTA (0.1M) is used as a titrant and
Erichrome black T is used as an indicator.
- Volume of titrant used will be the equivalent
hardness and expressed in mg CaCO 3/L.

Alkalinity :
- It is a measure of the ability of a solution to
neutralize acid without changing the ph.
- 0.02N H2SO4 is used as titrant and phenolphthalein
and methyl orange is used as indicators.
- It is expressed in terms of an equivalent amount of
mg CaCO3/L.

BOD5 :

- It is measured by titration method on day0 and on day 5.

- 10ml sample was diluted with aerated water and added
with 1ml manganese sulphate, alkali iodide, conc. H 2SO4.
- Sodium thiosulphate is used as titrant and starch solution
was used as indicator.
- It is expressed in mg/l.
Ammonia :
- Concentration of ammonia is measured by phenate
method.
- The formation of intense blue color indophenol by the
reaction of ammonia and phenol catalyzed by sodium
nitropruside.
- Visible spectrometer (640 nm) measures the presence of
ammonia by absorption techniques.
- It is expressed in mg/l.

Heavy Metals (AAS measurement) :

- Heavy metals like cadmium, lead, manganese,
chromium, mercury, magnesium have severe effect
on aquatic life and animals, if it exceeds their
permissible limit.
- Atomic adsorption spectroscopy is a tool to find
minute concentration of metallic pollutants in a
water sample.
- It is expressed in mg/l.

RESULTS :

Site=>

SL NO

Parameters

pH

6.52

8.52

6.97

6.48

6.59

6.76

29.3

29.7

30.3

27.4

26.7

27.5

temperature ( 0C )
electrical
conductivity
(mS/cm)

.398

.251

.262

.228

.266

.291

Turbidity (NTU)

22.4

14.2

27.2

19.2

12.5

30.9

TDS (ppm)
Total
alkalinity(mg/L)
Total hardness
(mg/L) CaCO3

202

120.5

132.2

117.4

134.4

151.3

104

40

84

136

146

166

56

88

106

66

84

128

6
7
8

.0034

.00973

.1314

Ammonia (mg/L)
Dissolved oxygen
(mg/L)

3.81

9.48

6.10

2.29

3.58

6.72

10

BOD5(mg/L)

6.4

6.7

6.3

6.5

11

Pb(mg/L)

4.126

.355

12

Cd (mg/L)

13

Cr (mg/L)

14

Hg(mg/L)

.525

.452

.498

.455

.513

.248

AIR POLLUTION DUE TO DUMP

SITE :

Major pollutants from MSW dumping site is

greenhouse gases like CO2 and CH4.

The decomposition process starts with aerobic

digestion on the surface.
But once the quantity of air reduces the
decomposition shifts to anaerobic phase of
decomposition and leads to the production of
methane.
Dumping creates the problem associated with
foul smell, CO2 and methane gas production.

This odor from dumping site is due to formation

of H2S,alkyl benzenes, and esters.

CONCLUSION :
Studying the water quality on 14 parameters lead us to
conclude the following:
- The pH of the water sources was in range of 6.5 -8.5 i.e. only
one site (site 2) was found to be alkaline.
- Electrical Conductivity was found to vary from 251-498
S/cm.
- Dissolved solid present were in range of 117.4 - 202 ppm.
- Total alkalinity was found in domain of 40 - 166 mg/L.
- Total hardness present was varying in the range of 66-106
mg/L.
- DO of the water at the site was from 3.81 to 9.48 mg/L.
- BOD5 of samples was close to 6 mg/L.

- Heavy metal test was done in AA spectroscopy and presence

of lead was detected only on site 3 and site 4 while all source
is contaminated by mercury.

Thank
you