Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Physiology of The
Eyes
Maharani
Ophthalmology Department
Medical Faculty Diponegoro University
TIK
MAMPU MENJELASKAN STRUKTUR ANATOMI ORBITA,
BULBUS OKULI DAN ORGAN AKSESORIUS SERTA
FUNGSINYA
EYE
Surrounded by orbital
bones
Cushioned by pads of fat
Extraocular muscles help
move the eye in different
directions
ORBIT
ORBITA
ORBITAL MARGIN FORMED BY :
FRONTAL
ZYGOMATIC
MAXILLA
SUPERIOR MARGIN FORMED BY OS. FRONTAL
SUPRAORBITAL FORAMEN
INFERIOR MARGIN FORMED BY OS. ZYGOMATIC & MAXILLA
INFRAORBITA FORAMEN
LATERAL MARGIN FORMED BY ZYMOMATIC PROC. OF FRONTAL
BONE & FRONTAL PROC. OF ZYGOMATIC BONE
Orbital
Wall
Orbital Roof:
Frontal bone klj lakrimal di fossa
lacrimalis
Sphenoid bone
Lateral Wall:
SPHENOID bone
Zygomatic bone strongest
Orbital
Wall
Orbital Floor:
Formed by : Maxilla bone, zygomatic bone &
Palatine bone
Bts dg lateral fissura orbitalis infor
Lempeng orbital tlg Maxilla blowout fractures
Medial Wall:
Ethmoid bone paper thin ke antor menebal
Lacrimal bone
Frontal bone
Blood Supply
Arteries:
Intracranial Internal Carotid a. 1st
Blood Supply
Arteries:
Short postor Ciliary a. N II + choroid
Long postor Ciliary a. ciliary body +
BLOOD SUPPLY
Veins:
Supor & Infor Ophthalmic v.
Communicate w/ Cavernous sinus & Pterygoid
venous
Drain the skin of the periorbital skin
lethal cavernous sinus thrombosis
(in cellulitis periorbital)
Antor Ciliary v.
Central Retinal v.
Annulus of Zinn
EYE BALL
CONJUNCTIVA
Transparent
Covers postor palp &
CONJUNCTIVA
The Conjunctiva:
Palpebral Conj
firmly adherent to the
tarsus
TENON CAPSULE
Fibrous membrane,
envelopes from limbus
to N II
Limbus Conj,
Tenon's, Episclera
fixed together
Posteriorly lies the
sclera, contact w/
orbital structure &
muscle cone
CORNEA
Transparant, avascular
Thick : 550 m
(central)
vertical : 10.6mm
horizontal : 11.7mm
Nerve supply : V1
Corneal layers :
Epitel
Membr Bowman
Stroma
Membr Descemet
Endotel
UVEAL TRACT
IRIS
Pigmented, Extension of
ciliary body
Dividing the COA & COP
Central round aperture
Pupil balance of
parasympathetic (m.
Sphincter pupillae, N III)
& sympathetic (m. Dilator
pupillae) activity
Blood supply: Major circle
of the iris
Nerve supply (sensory):
Ciliary nerve
CORPUS CILIARIS
Pars plicata ciliary
process aqueous formation
Epithelium: nonpigmented,
pigmented
Ciliary muscle:
CHOROID
Chorio-capillaris
Lens
4 mm thick, 9 mm ,
Biconvex, avascular,
colorless, almost
completely transparent
65% water, 35% protein +
trace minerals
Supported by zonule of Zinn
at equator corpus
ciliaris
Capsule: semipermeable
membrane
Potassium >> in the lens
Ascorbic, Glutathione
Iridocorneal Angle
Aquous outflow
Junc of peripheral cornea
iris root
Vitreus
Clear, avascular, gelatinous body (99% water, 1%
collagen + hyaluronic acid), 2/3 volume & weight
of the eyeball
Outer surface hyaloid membrane contact w/
postor lens capsule, zonular fibers, pars plana
epithelium, retina, N II head
Vitreous base (attachment): pars plana
epithelium & retina just behind the ora serrata
RETINA
Semitransparent,
multilayered, 2/3 postor
inner aspect of globe
Ora serrata
anterior edge of retina
(ragged edge)
6,5 mm behind SL
(temporal), 5,7 mm (nasal)
At the PN II & Ora Serrata
ret & RPE firmly bound
limiting ret detachment
Thickness: 0,1 mm at OS,
0,56 mm at postor pole
RETINA
Macula:
Postor pole,
5,5 6,0 mm
3 mm center macula
RETINA
Blood supply:
Choriocapillaris:
1/3 outer + fovea irreparable damage when RD
Fenestrated
Blood barrier RPE
EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
INSERTION of RECT
MUSCLES
ACTIONS
MUSCLES
Medial
Rectus
Adduction
Lateral
Rectus
Abduction
Superior
Rectus
Elevation
Intorsion
Adduction
Inferior
Rectus
Depressio
n
Extorsion
Adduction
Oblique
Sup
Intorsion
Depressio
n
Abduction
Oblique
Inf
extorsion
Elevation
Abduction
EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
Blood Supply:
Ophthalmic artery (muscular branch)
Also:
Lateral rectus m. Lacrimal artery
Inferior Oblique m. Infraorbital artery
Nerve Supply:
N III SR, MR, IR, IO
N IV SO
N VI LR
OCULAR ADNEXA
EYEBROWS
EYELIDS
APPARATUS LACRIMALIS
OCULAR ADNEXA
EYEBROWS
EYELIDS
The folds of
thickened skin
Covered w/ hair
The Glabella
hairless between 2
eyebrows
Skin Layer
Orbicularis Oculi
Muscle (OOM)
Areolar Tissue
Tarsal Plate
Palpebral
Conjunctiva
EYELID
1. Skin Layer:
Thin, loose, elastic
Few hair follicles
NO subcutaneous fat
2. OOM:
Concentric close the lids
Inside the lid: Pretarsal & Preseptal
portion
Outside the lid: Spread around the orbital
margin (orbital portion)
Supplied by N VII
EYELID
3. Areolar Tissue:
4. Tarsal Plate:
5. Palpebral Conjunctiva:
3. Adhere firmly to the tarsal plate
Lacrimal Punctum:
Medial end of the postor margins
Palpebral Fissure:
Lateral canthus 0,5 cm from orb rim
Medial canthus more elliptic, surround
lacrimal lake:
Lacr caruncle modf. sweat & sebaceous glds
Plica semilunaris 3rd eyelid of lower
animal sp
Epicanthus:
Normal in Asian population & Young infants
Hiding caruncle
Orbital Septum:
Lies between Orb rim & tarsus
Serves as barrier
Pierced by:
the several vessels & nerves (lacrimal,
supra/infratrochlear, supraorbital)
Levator palp superior muscle (LPSM)
Blends w/:
Supor: Tendon of LPSM & supor tarsus
Infor: infor tarsus
Lid Retractors:
Musculofacial complex (striated & smooth
postor lamella
inserting supor eyelid into postor surface of OOM
upper lid skin crease
OCULAR ADNEXA
Blood Supply & Lymphatics:
Arteries:
Lacrimal & Ophthalmic arteries (lat & med
Veins:
Arranged in pre & post tarsal plexuses
Into Ophthalmic veins
Lymphatics:
Lateral side preauricular & parotid nodes
Medial side submandibular l.n.
OCULAR ADNEXA
The Lacrimal Apparatus:
The lacrimal complex:
The
The
The
The
The
Palpebral portion:
Just above the temporal segment of the sup or
conj fornix
Drainage of tear:
Lacr lake upper/lower puncta
Lacrimal
Apparatus
Tear secretion.
Layers of precorneal tear film.
Drainage of tear.
Nerve supply:
Sensory: Lacrimal nerve (1st div of N V)
Secretory: Great Petrosal nerve (from
supor salivary nucl)
Sympathetic nerve: accompanying the
Lacrimal artery & nerve
OPTIC NERVE
The Intra ocular:
1,5 mm
The Retrochiasmatic
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