In the name of ALLAH ALMIGHTY the most beneficent, the

most merciful

Serial Data Communication

Group Members

Tahir Mubeen Shams

Ameer Hamza
Touseeq inam

Computer Aided Design

Serial Data Communication

LabView (Using NI-VISA to Communicate with Your Serial Instrument)

 Definition of serial communication :

In telecommunication and computer

science,serial communicationis the
process of sending data one bit at a time,
sequentially, over acommunicationchannel
or computer bus. This is in contrast to
parallelcommunication, where several bits
are sent as a whole, on a link with several parallel
channels.

 A basic serial instrument

control system consists of three
parts:
1. PC with a serial port
2. Serial cable
3. Serial instrument (Serialis a common device communication
protocol forinstrumentcontrol because most computers and many
remoteinstrumentsinclude at least oneserialport. Single applications can
be used across a variety ofinstrumentswith few modifications, reducing
programming and test time

Introduction & Outline

Types

of data transmission

o Parallel
Serial

& Serial

Communication

o Synchronous

& Asynchronous

Transmission Illustration
Serial

Parallel

Receiver

Receiver

Transmitter

Transmitter

1 bit

1 word

Serial Communication

Serial = one after the other

Serial Communication = sending one bit at a time over a

channel

Byte
b0 b1 b2
b3 b4 b5
b6 b7

Serial
Communication
b0

b1

b2

b3

b4

b5

b6

b7

Byte
b0 b1 b2
b3 b4 b5
b6 b7

Definition of Serial Communication

Travels in series

B
Bit by bit transmission of information in series

Definition of Parallel Communication

Transmission of information over multiple links between two points

Multiple electronic links

Parallel Transmission

Multiple
links

Parallel Communication

Parallel Communication = several bits sent at a time on

several parallel channels
Parallel Communication
b0
Byte
b0
b1
b2
b3
b4
b5
b6
b7

b1

Byte

b2

b0
b1
b2
b3
b4
b5
b6
b7

b3
b4
b5
b6
b7

Data Transmission
Parallel

Serial
Cost

Cheap

Expensive

Speed

Slow

Fast

Transmission
Amount

Single bit

8 bits (8 data lines)

Transmitter & Receiver

TransmissionLi
nes
TransmissionD
istance

One line to transmit

one to receive
Long distance

Example

8 lines for simultaneous

transmission
Short distance
(synchronization)
Printer Connection

Modem

 Synchronous

clock signal wire is used by both receiver and sender to sample data

Asynchronous

no clock signal in common

data must be oversampled (16x is typical) to find bit boundaries

Which type should I use?

Serial Communication for Long Distances

Why serial connection is better for
long distances:
Differential signals are used to
increase power
Double the signal to noise
ratio (SNR)
Reach higher bitrate
without noise
USB 2.0 is capable of
480Mbits/sec!
(At this rate, it would take only
46.5 seconds to transfer a
2.19GB BluRay movie over from
a hard drive)

Differential Signal

Fun Fact: Longest ever deep sea Fiber-Optic cable will run
through thawing artic between UK and Japan (thats 9,693
miles of cable!)

Parallel Communication Issues

Issues with parallel
communication:
Inter-symbol interference (ISI)
and noise cause corruption over
long distances
Wires have small amounts of
capacitance and mutual
inductance
Bandwidth of parallel wires is
much lower than bandwidth of
serial wires

Parallel communication is faster than serial for short distances

Serial Communication Implementation

Popular implementation found in older and some newer computers is known

as the RS-232 serial connection found in microcomputers

Newer type of serial connections

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

RS-232 Pin Assignment

18

Module
Newer Serial Communication Technologies:
Universal Serial Bus (USB)

Advantages of USB Over the RS-232 Port

Higher speed

Ability to daisy chain different devices (connect several devices together in a

linear series)

Support for hot plug-and-play (The ability to connect a device to the

computer while a computer is in operation)

Universal Serial Bus

Being introduced as a high-speed replacement for the traditional

RS-232 port

USB has higher bandwidth

1.5 Mbps, 12 Mbps and 480 Mbps

Faster than the RS-232 port that operates in the region of 115+ K bps

Devices can be daisy-chained (connect several devices together in a

linear series)

Daisy Chaining of USB Devices

USB Connection

Computer

Device 3

USB
Port

Device 2

In

Device 1
Out

Connecting USB Devices Using a Hub

USB Connection

Computer

USB
Port
In

Device 3

Device 2

Hub
Out

GUI of Project
Enter the
transmitted Words

Display Received
Words

om port

Button

ton

Enter Regular
Expression

Display the length of

input

Display Nbr# of
Total inputs

Display Nbr# of Match

words

Flow Chart

Future Scope
Since the networking through serial port is bit slow, same idea can be implemented through the USB port which is
quite fast as compared to the serial port.Implementing networking by means of the USB port involves the writtng
of a USB driver. This USB driver is embedded with the network driver written for serialport.
Some Basic Concepts of USB Port
The Universal Serial bus was originally designed with following intentions:
Connection of the PC to the telephone
Ease-of-use
Port expansion.
The USB is strictly hierarchical and it is controlled by one host. The host uses a master / slave protocol to
communicate with attached USB devices. This means that every kind of communication is initiated by the host
and devices cannot establish any direct connection to other devices. This seems to be a drawback in comparison
to other bus architectures but it is not because the USB was designed as a compromise of costs and performance.
The master / slave protocol solves implicitly problems like collision avoidance or distributed bus arbitration. The
current implementation of the USB allows 127 devices to be connected at the same time and the total
communication bandwidth is limited to 12Mbit/s. Howewer use of low speed devices, management of USB
"interrupts" and other overheads mean that actual throughput cannot exceed about 8.5Mbit/s under near ideal
conditions, and typical performance may be around 2Mbit/s.

Conclusion:
This project can be used extensively inorder to establish adhoc networks between systems. It
provides a cheaper alternative for ethernet cards in situations where we are forced to establish a
network temporarily for some specific purpose.Even though the serial port network is slow as
compared to the ethernetcard, but provided the cost benefits it can be used very effectively.
Besides this, this project is also a good example for those who are interested in understanding the
complexities of the network interface. This project provides a study model for those interested in
networking. Since the serial ports are used for communication, the data transmission rate is low. But
the project demonstrate how powerful the network drivers are.