Professional Documents
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Writing Basic
SQL Statements
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should
be able to do the following:
List the capabilities of SQL SELECT
statements
Execute a basic SELECT statement
Differentiate between SQL statements
and SQL*Plus commands
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Projection
Table 1
Table 1
Table 1
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Join
Table 2
Oracle Corporation, 1998. All rights reserved.
[DISTINCT]
[DISTINCT] {*,
{*, column
column [alias],...}
[alias],...}
table;
table;
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Copyright
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DNAME
-------------ACCOUNTING
RESEARCH
SALES
OPERATIONS
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LOC
------------NEW YORK
DALLAS
CHICAGO
BOSTON
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LOC
------------NEW YORK
DALLAS
CHICAGO
BOSTON
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Arithmetic Expressions
Create expressions on NUMBER and DATE
data by using arithmetic operators.
Operator
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Description
Add
Subtract
Multiply
Divide
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Operator Precedence
* / +
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Operator Precedence
SQL> SELECT ename, sal, 12*sal+100
FROM
emp;
ENAME
SAL 12*SAL+100
---------- --------- ---------KING
5000
60100
BLAKE
2850
34300
CLARK
2450
29500
JONES
2975
35800
MARTIN
1250
15100
ALLEN
1600
19300
...
14 rows selected.
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Using Parentheses
SQL> SELECT ename, sal, 12*(sal+100)
FROM
emp;
ENAME
SAL 12*(SAL+100)
---------- --------- ----------KING
5000
61200
BLAKE
2850
35400
CLARK
2450
30600
JONES
2975
36900
MARTIN
1250
16200
...
14 rows selected.
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ENAME
JOB
COMM
---------- --------- --------KING
PRESIDENT
BLAKE
MANAGER
...
TURNER
SALESMAN
0
...
14 rows selected.
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Null Values
in Arithmetic Expressions
Arithmetic expressions containing a null
value evaluate to null.
SQL> select ename, 12*sal+comm
from
emp
WHERE ename='KING';
ENAME
12*SAL+COMM
---------- ----------KING
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Concatenation Operator
Concatenates columns or character
strings to other columns
Is represented by two vertical bars (||)
Creates a resultant column that is a
character expression
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ename||job AS "Employees"
emp;
Employees
------------------KINGPRESIDENT
BLAKEMANAGER
CLARKMANAGER
JONESMANAGER
MARTINSALESMAN
ALLENSALESMAN
...
14 rows selected.
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Duplicate Rows
The default display of queries is all rows,
including duplicate rows.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT
SELECT deptno
deptno
FROM
emp;
FROM
emp;
DEPTNO
--------10
30
10
20
...
14 rows selected.
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DEPTNO
--------10
20
30
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Buffer
SQL Statements
Server
SQL*Plus
Query Results
SQL*Plus
Commands
Formatted Report
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SQL
buffer
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SQL*Plus
An environment
Oracle proprietary
Keywords can be
abbreviated
Commands do not
allow manipulation of
values in the database
SQL*Plus
commands
SQL*Plus
buffer
Overview of SQL*Plus
Log in to SQL*Plus.
Describe the table structure.
Edit your SQL statement.
Execute SQL from SQL*Plus.
Save SQL statements to files and
append SQL statements to files.
Execute saved files.
Load commands from file to buffer
to edit.
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Logging In to SQL*Plus
From Windows environment:
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Null?
Null?
--------------NOT
NOT NULL
NULL
Type
Type
----------------------NUMBER(2)
NUMBER(2)
VARCHAR2(14)
VARCHAR2(14)
VARCHAR2(13)
VARCHAR2(13)
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Summary
SELECT
SELECT
FROM
FROM
[DISTINCT]
[DISTINCT] {*,column
{*,column [alias],...}
[alias],...}
table;
table;
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Practice Overview
Selecting all data from different tables
Describing the structure of tables
Performing arithmetic calculations and
specifying column names
Using SQL*Plus editor
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