Real Analysis I

Course Code

MTH 321

By
Dr. Moiz ud Din khan
Professor of Mathematics

Lecture # 20

Lecture Outline
In this Lecture we will study:

Discontinuity of a function.

Lecture Outline
In this Lecture we will study:

Discontinuity of a function.
We will define:

Lecture Outline
In this Lecture we will study:

Discontinuity of a function.
We will define:
Left handed limit of a function at a point

Lecture Outline
In this Lecture we will study:

Discontinuity of a function.
We will define:
Left handed limit of a function at a point
Right handed limit of a function at a point

Lecture Outline
In this Lecture we will study:

Discontinuity of a function.
We will define:
Left handed limit of a function at a point
Right handed limit of a function at a point
Discontinuity of first kind

Lecture Outline
In this Lecture we will study:

Discontinuity of a function.
We will define:
Left handed limit of a function at a point
Right handed limit of a function at a point
Discontinuity of first kind
Discontinuity of second kind

Lecture Outline
In this Lecture we will study:

Discontinuity of a function.
We will define:
Left handed limit of a function at a point
Right handed limit of a function at a point
Discontinuity of first kind
Discontinuity of second kind
And discuss

Lecture Outline
In this Lecture we will study:

Discontinuity of a function.
We will define:
Left handed limit of a function at a point
Right handed limit of a function at a point
Discontinuity of first kind
Discontinuity of second kind
And discuss
Some Examples on discontinuities of functions

 Discontinuity of a function at a point:

(Right Handed Limit of a

Definition.

Function at a point)
Let be defined on Consider any point such that
we write
If as for all sequences in such that
i.e.,
Then

 Definition.
(Left Handed Limit of a Function

at a point)

Let be defined on Consider any

point such that we write
If as for all sequences in such that
Then

 It
is clear that for any point of, exists
if and only if
.

 Definition.

Let be defined on
If is discontinuous at a point and
if and exist,
then is said to have a discontinuity of the first
kind, or a simple discontinuity, at .
Otherwise the discontinuity is said to be of the
second kind.

 Note.
There are two ways in which a function can have
a simple discontinuity:
either
[in which case the value is immaterial],
or
.

 Examples

Define

Then has a discontinuity of the second kind at

every point since neither nor exists.

 Example.
Define

Then is continuous at and has a discontinuity

of the second kind at every other point.

 Example.

Define

Then has a simple discontinuity at and is

continuous at every other point of (-3, 1).

 Example.

Define

Neither nor exists, has a discontinuity of the

second kind at is continuous at every point
Solution.
Let
and

 Example.

Find

Find
Example.

Where is the largest integer less then or equal

to .

Examine the continuity of

Example:

defined by

 Uniform

continuous function.
A function is said to be uniformaly
continuous if, for each , there is such
that whenever

 Lecture summery:

We have defined:
Left handed limit of a function at a point
Right handed limit of a function at a point
Discontinuity of first kind
Discontinuity of second kind
Some Examples on discontinuities of
functions.

THANK YOU