Professional Documents
Culture Documents
337655(37)
VIth Sem
Mechanical Engineering Department
Delivered By:
Kanishka Jha
Associate Professor
The word manufacturing was originally derived from two Latin words manus (hand) and
factus(make), so that the combination means make by hand.
In this way manufacturing was accomplished when the word first appeared in English around 1567.
Commercial goods of those times were made by hand. The methods were handicraft, accomplished
in small shops and the goods were relatively simple. As many years passed, the products become
more complex along with processes. Thus factories were developed with many workers at a single
site; the work was organized using machines.
Production is the process, which combines and transforms various resources used in the
production/operations subsystem of the organization into value added product/services in a
controlled manner as per the policies of the organization. Therefore, it is that part of an organization,
which is concerned with the transformation of a range of inputs into the required (products/services)
having the requisite quality level.
Date
Contribution
Contributor
1776
1799
1832
Adam Smith
Frederick W. Taylor
System: It consists of elements or components. The elements or components are interlinked together
to achieve the objective for which it exists. Eg: human body, educational institutions, business
organizations.
Components of a system: The input, processing, output and control of a system are called the
components of a system.
Control: There are two types of control, namely Proactive Control and Reactive Control. There are
three types of feedback mechanisms such as feed forward control, feedback control and concurrent
Production means application of processes. (Technology) to the raw material to add the use and economic values to arrive
at desired product by the best method, with out sacrificing the desired quality. We have three ways of Production, they are:
(i) Production by Disintegration:
By separating the contents of Crude oil or a mixture the desired products are produced. For example the crude oil is
disintegrated into various fuel oils. Similarly salt production is also an example for product produced by disintegrated. We
can use Mechanical or Chemical or both technologies to get the desired product, so that it will have desired use value.
(ii) Production by Integration:
In this type of Production various Components of the products are assembled together to get the desired product. In this
process, Physical and Chemical Properties of the materials used may change. The examples are: Assembly of Two
wheelers, Four wheelers and so on.
(iii) Production by Service:
Here the Chemical and Mechanical Properties of materials are improved without any physical change. The example for
this is Heat Treatment of metals. In real world, a combination of above methods is used. In general production is the use of
any process or procedure designed to transform a set of input elements into a set of output elements, which have use value
and economic value.
Management
Management can be explained as an art or science, (in fact it is a
combination of art and science) of getting things done by the people, by
planning, coordinating, organizing, directing and controlling the activities
to meet specified goals, with in the frame work of agreed policies. The
above explanation put emphasis on getting things done, Planning,
Organizing, Coordinating, and controlling and specific objectives and
agreed policies. Todays manager needs scientific base as well as personal
tactics to manage the people under him to achieve the desired goals.
Above discussion about product, production and management will help us
to understand what exactly the Production Management or Production,
and Operations Management is.
Functions of PM..
Activities that convert capital into resources Use for production
Activities that convert resources into goods and services
1. Production of goods at right time and in sufficient quantity
2. At minimum possible cost
3. At acceptable quality
Functions of Personnel's:
.Forecasting the demand for the products
.Arrangement of procurement
.Arrangement of services
Location of Facilities
Geo. Static
Factors
Building, Machinery
Selection of
Improper Location Waste of investment
Location
Key
Product Design
Design , Develop & Introduce New To survive
Ideas into New Product - Challenge
Reality
PDD
Material
handling
Material
Handling
Process Design
Macroscopic
Decision
Of
Selection
TYPES OF PRODUCTION
1. BATCH PRODUCTION
2. MASS & FLOW PRODUCTION
3. PROCESS PRODUCTION
4. PROJECT PRODUCTION
5. JOBBING PRODUCTION