CHE123 LQ1

CPMONTEROLA

Problem 1
Is

it wise to replace CFL lights with LED

lights?

W LED bulb costs 170 and an 18 W CFL bulb

that you are planning to replace is on the average
is used 10 hours a day. Suppose electricity costs
10 per kWh how many days do you need to break
even with a new LED bulb? Is it wise to replace a
CFL bulb with LED bulb? Why? To check your
answer: LED bulbs on the average lasts 50,000
hours and CFL bulbs last 10,000 hours.

Problem 2

Coal Is It. Energy costs vary greatly with energy

source: coal @ $25.00/ton, gasoline @ a pump price of
40.00 per liter and electricity @ 10.00 per kWh.
Assuming gross heating values of 29 MJ/kg for coal
and 37 GJ/m3 for gasoline, calculate the cost of
gasoline, coal and electricity in pesos per GJ. Why do
you think we are still investing in coal plants? Suppose
coal and solar energy are of equal cost, what is the
biggest advantage of coal energy? $1= 48. 1ton =
2000lb.

Problem 3

Is Solar Practical? Solar energy has been suggested

as a source of renewable energy. If in our backyard
direct radiation from the sun (say 320 days) is 975
W/m2 between 10 AM and 3 PM, and the conversion
efficiency to electricity is 21.0%. How many m2 are
needed to collect the amount of energy equivalent to
an electrical consumption of 200 kWh per month? If a
m2 of solar panel costs 5000 do you think its
practical to install solar panels in our homes? Why or
why not?

Problem 4
Enthalpy Flow Calorimeter with a Twist. Using a flow
calorimeter to measure enthalpy, the following data are
taken with water as the test fluid:
flow rate = 4.15 g/s
3.00 bar

T1 = 0.0C

T2= 300.0C P2 =

Rate of heat addition from resistance heater = 12740 W.

The water is completely vaporized in the process.
Calculate the enthalpy of steam at 300C and 3.00 bar
based on H = 0.00 for liquid water at 25.0C. Assume
that the specific heat of liquid water is 4.18 kJ/kg.K.

Problem 5
Caloric Theory: Heat can never be created
nor destroyed. Suppose a 1.0 hp motor is used
to stir 1.0 m3 of water for 1.0 hour. Assuming all
the motors work is converted to waters heat
estimate the final temperature of water if its
initial temperature is 30C. Also assume that the
water is insulated from its surrounding.
Comment on the Caloric Theory.

Problem 6
Are you a Potential ChE? Liquid water is being
pumped at a constant rate of 9 m3/hr from a large
reservoir resting on the floor to the open top of an
experimental absorption tower- the point of discharge
being 9.0 meters above the floor. The frictional losses in
the pipe, which measures 50.0 mm, from the reservoir to
the tower this amount to 2.5 J/kg. At what height must
the water level in the reservoir be kept if the pump can
only deliver 0.1 kW? The density of water is constant at
1.00 g/cm3 and g is 9.81 m/s2.

Problem 7
Water at 28C flows in a straight horizontal pipe
in which there is no exchange of either heat or
work with surroundings. Its velocity is 14 m/s in
a pipe with an internal diameter of 2.5 cm until it
flows into a section where the pipe diameter
abruptly increases to 3.8 cm. What is the
temperature change of the water?

Problem 8
The turbines in a hydroelectric plant are fed by water falling from a
50-m height. Assuming 91% efficiency for conversion of potential to
electrical energy, and 8% loss of the resulting power in
transmission, what is the mass flowrate of water required to power
a 200-watt light bulb?

Bonus
Chemical-plant equipment costs rarely vary in
proportion to size. In the simplest case, cost C
varies with size S according to the allometric
equation C = S The size exponent is typically
between 0 and 1. For a wide variety of
equipment types it is approximately 0.6. For 0 <
< 1, show that cost per unit size decreases
with increasing size. (Economy of scale)