5

second GROUP of Plant Strucuture

PresentS :

FOLIUM
Academic Lecturer :
Dr. Upik Yelianti, M.S

Created By:
DIAN RATNA SARI
POPPY ANGGRAINI
NUR ILMI WIDYA NINGSIH
MUSDALIPAH
PUTRI LORENZA
ADITYA GAMARI

CIRCUMSCRIPTIO
1. Bagian Yang Terlebar Berada di
Tengah-tengah Helaian Daun (The middle
widest part of leaf)
a. Bulat atau bundar/ round ( orbicularis)
panjang : lebar = 1:1.

A.
B.
C.

Vitis viniferaL.
Carica papayaL
Fragraria x
ananassa

b. Bangun Perisai/ Shield

(peltatus)
Circle form, Petioule is arised from the
middle of leaf.

c. Jorong/ ellipse ( ovalis or elilipticus)

Comparison L : W = 111/22-2 : 1

d. Memanjang/ longer
( oblongos )
Longer growing, comparison L : W =
2,5-3 : 1.

e. Bangun lanset/ lancet

( lanceolatus)
Forms like lanset, comparison L: W =
3-5cm : 1cm

2. Bagian Yang Terlebar Terdapat di

Bawah Tengah-tengah Helaian Daun(The
middle widest under the leaf)

a. Bangun bulat telur/ oval

(ovatus)

b.Bangun segi tiga

(triangularis)
Isosceles triangle

c. Bangun delta
( deltoiddeus)
Equilateral triangle

d. Bangun belah ketupat

( rhomboideus)
Rhombus which has not the similar
length

B. Pangkal Daun Bertoreh atau

berlekuk (Sloping)
a. Bangun jantung ( cordatus )
Like oval, but it shows a slope

b. Bangun Ginjal or Kerinjal

( reniformis)
Short blunt leaf, has a shallow slope in
the basis folii.

Centella asiatica

c. Bangun anak panah

( sagittatus)
Sharp apex folii, narrow leaf, Sharp
slope in basis, apex, & margo folii.

Sagittaria sagittifolia L

d. Bangun tombak/ Lance

( hastatus)
Like an arrow, all side and surface
are flat.

e. Bertelinga
( auriculatus )
Similar to lance form, but the basis
folii is being unanymous

tempuyung

3. Bagian Yang Terlebar Terdapat di

Atas Tengah-tengah Helaian daun (the
middle widest on the leaf)

a. Bangun bulat telur

sungsang (obovatus)

b. Bangun jantung sungsang

( obcordatus)

c. Bangun segitiga atau bangun

pasak (cuneatus)

d. Bangun sudip/ spatel/ soler

(spathulatus)
Upside down, the longer under the leaf

tapak liman

Lobak/ radish

4. Tidak Ada Bagian Yang Terlebar Atau Dari

Pangkal Sampai Ujung Sama Lebar (no
widest part)

a. Bangun garis (linearis )

In transverse section, its flat and
longer

b. Bangun pita
( ligulatus )
Like linearis leaf, but its much longer.

c. Bangun Pedang
(ensiformis)
Like the linearis one, but its thicker in
the middle and thinner in margo folii.

nenas sebrang

d. Bangun paku/ dabus

( subulatus)
Almost cylinder, sharp apex folii, rigid
leaf.
Araucaria curninghamii Ait

e. Bangun jarum ( acerosus)

Like nail shape, smaller, and gabling.

UJUNG DAUN/ tip point (APEX FOLII)

a. Runcing/ gabled (acutus) ujung daun oleander
b. Meruncing/ taper (acuminatus) tip point of soursoap
(Annona muricata L.)
c. Tumpul/ blunt (obtusus) tip point of sapodilla
f(Menilkara kauki)
d. Membulat / rounded(rotundatus) tip point of kaki
kuda (Centela asiatica L.)
e. Rompang (truncatus) clover (Marsilea crenata)
cashew fruit (A. occidentale L.)
f. Terbelah/ split (retusus) tip oint of sidaguri (Sida
retusa), spinach(Amarantus hybridus L.)
g. Berduri/ thorny (mucronatus) tip point of nenas
seberang (Agave sp.)

PANGKAL DAUN/ leaf blutt (BASIS

FOLII)

a. The margo folii is separated by the big nervatio:

1. Runcing/ gabled (acutus) pada daun bangun
memanjang, laset, belah ketupat, etc.
2. Meruncing/ taper (acuminatus) pada daun
bangun bulat telur sungsang atau daun bangun
sudip.
3. Tumpul/ blunt (obtusus) pada daun bangun bulat
telur, jorong.
4. Membulat/ rounded (rotundatus) pada daun
bangun bulat, jorong, bulat telur.
5. Rompang/rata/ flat (truncatus) pada daun
bangun segitiga, delta, tombak.
6. Berlekuk/ sloping (emarginatus) pada daun
bangun jantung, ginjal, anak panah.

b. The margo folii is side by side:

1. Meeting of margo folii starts from the basis folii in
the same side. shield/ bangun perisai.
2. Meeting of margo folii with the opposite leaf.

KINDS of Leaf
Compound leaf (Daun Majemuk) is
a leaf which has more than one
leaflet. E.g. Nut leaf, coconut leaf,
palm leaf, etc.

Characteristics of compound leaf

Leaflet grow and fall together
Usually, leaflets have the same life period
Limited growth, apex folii has no bud
No bud in axilla

Part of Compound leaf

Ibu tangkai daun (potiolus communis), as the
place where the compound leaves are arised.
Tangkai anak daun (petiololus), branches of
potiolus communis which support leaflet
Anak daun (foliolum), this is actually lamina
Upih daun (vagina), Under potiolus communis which
get wide and enfold trunk

Part of Compound leaf

Kinds of compound leaf

Majemuk menyirip (pinnatus)
Like Fish fin
Daun Majemuk Menjari (Palmatus atau
Digitatus)
Like human fingers, semua anak daunnya
tersusun memencar pada ujung ibu tangkai
seperti letaknya jari-jari pada tangan.

 Daun Majemuk Bangun Kaki (pedatus)

Its like fingering leaf, but two other leaflets are
stuck on the petiololus which side by side.

Daun Majemuk Campuran (Digitato pinnatus)

E.g. Pinnate and fingering leaves

Pinnate and fingering

leaves

Daun Bangun Kaki Daun Campuran

Variety of Pinnate Compound leaf

Daun majemuk menyirip beranak daun satu
(unifoliolatus)
Daun majemuk menyirip genap(abrupte pinnatus)
Daun majemuk menyirip gasal (imparipinnatus)
Daun majemuk berpasang-pasangan (couple
compound leaf)
Daun majemuk berseling (interrupte leaf)
Daun majemuk berselang-seling (interrupte
pinnatus)

Daun majemuk menyirip beranak daun satu

(unifoliolatus)

Petiolus shows
articulation, and the
lamina doest arise
from the potiolus
communis
Contoh : Daun jeruk
nipis (Citrus
aurantifolia)

Daun majemuk menyirip

genap(abrupte pinnatus)

There are several

couple of leaflets , so
that it becomes even
leaf
E.g. Lychee (Litchi
chinensis Sonn.)

Daun majemuk menyirip gasal

(imparipinnatus)
Anak daunnya akan kita
dapati bilangan yang
gasal jika anak daunnya
berpasangan, sedang di
ujung ibu tangkai
terdapat anak daun
yang tersendiri.
Contohnya : Daun
mawar (Rosa sp.)

Menyirip dengan anak daun yang

berpasangan-pasangan(Pinnate couple
leaflets)

The leaflets are

arised from the
petiolus
communis and
facing to one
another.

Daun Menyirip berseling

The leaflets
have spaces.

Daun Menyirip berselang-seling(interrupte

pinnatus)

Small leaflets fill up the

spaces of big leaflets,
and the opposite.
E.g. Tomato (Solanum
lycopersicumL.).

1. Daun majemuk menyirip ganda dua

(bipinnatus)

Yaitu jika anak

daun duduk
pada cabang
tingkat satu dari
ibu tangkai.

2. Daun majemuk menyirip ganda

tiga (tripinnatus)
Yaitu jika
anak-anak
daun duduk
pada cabang
tingkat dua
dari ibu
tangkai.

3. Daun majemuk menyirip

ganda empat
Yaitu jika
anak-anak
daun duduk
pada cabang
tingkat tiga
dari ibu
batang.

Other spesifications of compound

leaf:
1. Complete Double Pinnate Compound,
none of leaflet is arised from petiolus
communis
2. Uncomplete Double Pinnate
Compound, there is still any leaflet
which is arised from petiolus communis

Tata letak daun(Phylotaxis)

Rules of phlotaxis
1 node, 1 leaf (separated/ folia sparsa)
1 node, 2 leaf
*face to face
*crossing
1 node, more than 2 leaves
( craggy / folia verticillata)

Folia sparsa
Leaf formula (divergensi)

a
b

total of spiral line

total of passed leaves (first

leaf is not counted) until 2, leaf is
perpendicular.

Ortostik
vertical line which connect the leaf in
perpendicular side

SPIROSTIK
Ortostik changes to spiral line so that
the trunk growth is back rotated.

PARASTIK
Spiral lines encircle trunk, connect the
leaves to margo side.

Genetics spiral
Spiral line which encircle trunk, connect
the leaves from the bottom to the top part.

Divergence angle

Angle distance of 2 leaves in order.

a
b

X 360

FIBONACCI row
Leaf formula
+
+
+
1
1
2
8
2
3
5
21
+
+
+
1

+
3

13

ROSET (ROSULA)

Short internodes
Root & Trunk Roset

Leaf mozaic
In flat branch, slant to the upward
The leaf grows properly in flat
branch

Phylotaxis Scheme
Caulis
Folium
Ortostik
Nodes
Distance of leaf
Leaf is numbered

Cylinder
Upside triangle
Vertical lines
distance is managed
a x 360o
b

Number of leaf in the same ortistic

1,6,11
2,7,12
3,8,13
so o

11

Leaf Formula = 2/5

Leaf DIAGRAM
Caulis
: Long cone
Nodes
: Total of circle line
Ortostik
: radius
Distance of 2 leaves : a/b x 360
Genetics spiral
: spiral line, goes to
right side,
and smaller to
upward

Leaf Diagram based on formula

Leaf
Modification
Modifikasi daun
Modifikasi daun

Secara
keseluruhan(whol
e part)
Duri (thorn)
Sisik (leaf
scales)
Sulur (tendril)
Brakte
Spatha

Pada bagian
tertentu (several
parts)

Ujung daun (apex

folii)
Anak daun
majemuk
(compound
leaflet)
Petiolus
Vagina
Spitula

Duri (Thorn)
Daun berubah jadi duri (leaf forms
thorn)
Fungsi fotosintesis di lakukan oleh
batang (photosynthesis is done by
stem)
e.g. cactus

Sisik(Leaf Scales)
Leaf scales are the modification of leaf from the axillaris
bud in the axilla.

Leaf sclaes will dry up when the plant is a grown up

already.

E.g. Cassuarinaceae.

SULUR(TENDRIL)
Daun bermodifikasi menjadi sulur
(leaf modificates to be tendril)
The function is to hook its own
body
E.g. Similax rotundifolia

BRAKTE

Daun pelindung (protectional leaf)

Light colour attract insect
E.g. Bougainvillea spectabilis

SPATHA(SHEA
TH)
Spatha or sheath is used to cover compound flowers

E.g. Aracaceae
Protect cob (tongkol bunga)

Spathiphyllum

Ujung daun/ apex folii

Real leaf

Modificated leaf

PETIOLUS

Petiolus forms leaf

phyllodium

ANAK DAUN DARI DAUN

MAJEMUK(COMPOUND
LEAFLET)

Phyrostegia venusta

STIPULAE(DAUN
PENUMPU)

Any
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