Pc-Dmis Training

Metrology House
Halesfield 13, Telford

Shrops. TF7 4PL.
Welcome to Brown & Sharpes

Telford Technical Centre
e
Level 1 Training
Developed By:
Additional Information
Ryan Stauffer
Peter Hughes
Application Engineer
Training Officer
Commercial Operations
Measuring Systems Group
Measuring Systems Group
Course Objectives
Course Objectives
Understand why and how a Probe Qualification is

performed
Get a thorough understanding of how we create
Part Alignments
Understand how PC-DMIS handles Solid Geometry
Learn how to Edit your part programs
Write a logical, organized part program from
beginning to end
The Cartesian
Coordinate System
Z
Y
X
X
The Cartesian Coordinate System

Z
The measurement
VOLUME of a CMM
can be represented by
a cube. Each
direction within the
cube is an AXIS.
The ORIGIN is the
location where all
three axes intersect.
ORIGIN

Z
Each axis is
divided into
equal divisions,
representing the
units of
measurement.
Any point in the
measurement
cube can be
defined in terms
of a unique X, Y,
and Z value.
10
Y
5
10
5
|
5
|
10

Z
What are the

coordinates of:
10
X = 010
5
Y = 010
Z = 50
Y
5
10
5
0 |
00
10
Probe Head (Wrist) &

Touch Trigger Probe (Ttp)
Articulating Probe Head
The A axis
rotates from
0 to +105
in 7.5
increments
Articulating Probe Head
B axis rotates
from -180 to
+180 in 7.5
increments
Touch Trigger Probes
Contact
Broken
Mechanical Probes such as

the TP2 contain 3 electrical
contacts. When the stylus is
deflected, at least one of the
contacts is broken. At this
instant, the machines X, Y,
and Z scales are read. These
values represent the ball
center position of the stylus
at the time of contact.
Touch Probe
Example #1 :
Measuring point
on side of part
Recorded point
Touch Probe
Example #2 :
Crashing into part
with high velocity
Bent probe tip
OUCH !!!
Probe Qualifications
Probe Qualification
PROBE QUALIFICATION
is the process of defining
effective probe diameter
and position of the probe tip
for measurement. To
accomplish this, a
qualification artifact with
a known diameter is
measured with the probe tip
to be qualified.
Probe with
Unknown
Position and
Diameter to
be Qualified
Artifact with Known
Diameter, Traceable
to National Standards
Probe Qualification
Ball Centre coordinates at

each measurement point
around the artifact are
compared to the known
artifact diameter. The
effective probe diameter is
calculated from the
difference between this
diameter and the diameter
of the spherical pattern of
the measured points.
Effective Probe
Radius
Building The Probe
Probe Qualification
Working Planes Of
PcDmis
PC-DMIS Working Planes

Z
In PC-DMIS, it is
important that the
correct WORKING
PLANE is specified
for measuring
circles, calculating
2D distances, etc.
The available
working planes are:
Z PLUS
Y PLUS
X
MINUS
X
PLUS
Y MINUS
Z MINUS
ORIGIN
What Is A Working Plane

The working plane is the view that you are
currently looking from, for instance if you wish to
measure the top surface of a part, then you are
working in the ZPLUS working plane. If you are
measuring features in the front face you are in the
YMINUS working plane. This selection is
important when you are working in polar coordinates, because PcDmis uses the working plane
to decide where Zero Degrees (start point) is for
that work plane.
* In the Zplus plane, zero deg is in the +X direction

and 90 deg is in the +Y direction.
* In the Xplus plane, zero deg is in the +Y direction
and 90 deg is in the +Z direction.
* In the Yplus plane, zero deg is in the -X direction
and 90 deg is in the +Z direction.
Circle Measurement Direction
90 deg
45 deg
135 deg
0 deg
180 deg
+Y
315 deg
225 deg
270 deg
+X
Vectors
K
Directional Cosines
J
Vectors
The
directions
of a
Directions
of features
vector
relate tofor
the three
and directions
axes
the coordinate
probeofapproach
to a
system.
I direction
point areThe
represented
is
direction ofAthe
bythe
VECTORS.
X
axis, can
J direction
is the
vector
be thought
direction
of 1Y,unit
andlong,
K is
of as a line
the
direction
of the
pointing
in the
Zdirection
axis. of the vector.
Z
(+K direction)
Y
(+J direction)
X
(+I direction)
Vectors
What is the vector
direction of :
ZZ
(+K
(+Kdirection)
direction)
YY
(+J
(+Jdirection)
direction)
0.7071
1.0
I = 0.0
J = 0.7071
0.0
K = -1.0
0.0
Cosine of 45o
XX
(+I
(+Idirection)
direction)
45
Incorrect Vector = cosine error

Approach Direction
Angle
Normal Vector
Nominal Contact Point
Introduced Error
Probe Dia
Angle Error
1.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
0.5
0.0000
0.0010
0.0039
0.0088
0.0160
Expected Contact Point
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
Magnitude of error introduced by not probing normal to surface
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0019
0.0038
0.0057
0.0076
0.0077
0.0154
0.0231
0.0309
0.0176
0.0353
0.0529
0.0709
0.0321
0.0642
0.0963
0.1284
6.00
0.0005
0.0115
0.0463
0.1058
0.1925
Alignment
t
en
m
n
il g
A
Alignment
Alignment
Alignment is the process of establishing a part
coordinate system, where the Axes of the part and
CMM are the same.
Three things are needed to complete a part alignment:
A LEVEL (Any measured feature with a vector direction).
The level feature controls the orientation of the working plane.
A ROTATE AXIS (Any measured feature with a vector
direction). The rotate feature needs to be perpendicular to the
level feature. This controls the timing or rotational position
of the axes relative to the working plane.
An ORIGIN (Any measured feature or features which define
the X, Y, and Z zero point of the part).
Alignment
STEP 1Feature
: Level =ZPlane
Axis to Plane
Level
STEP 2 : Rotate X Axis to Line
Z
Rotate3 Axis
Feature
= Line to Circle
Y
STEP
: Translate
X Origin
Y
ALIGNMENT
Y STEP 4 : Translate Y Origin to Circle
Origin Feature = Circle
Z STEP 5 : Translate Z Origin to Plane
COMPLETED!!!!
Y
X
XX
X
Z
Machine Home
Y X
Position
ZZZ
Desired Part
Coordinate System
Alignment
ZZ Z
ALIGNMENT
Y
Y
Y
COMPLETED!!!!
X XX
Machine Home
Position
Required Part
Origin Position
STEP 1 : Level Z Axis to Plane

Level 2Feature
STEP
: Rotate=XPlane
Axis to Line
STEP
3 Axis
: Translate
X Origin
Rotate
Feature
= Lineto Point
STEP 4 : Translate Y Origin to Line
Origin5 Feature
= Corner
STEP
: Translate
Z Origin to Plane
How To Align a Part

Measure 3 Points To Create Plane
Measure 2 Points To Create Line
Measure 1 Point On Side Face
Building The Alignment
Alignment How To Do It
Click The
Utilities
Option
And Then Select

Alignment
Alignment How To Do It
From The Features

List Select
PLN1
LINE1
PNT1
Measured Features
Click On Auto Align

PcDmis will
automatically
align the part by
Levelling and
setting Z zero to
PLN1
Rotate and set Y
zero to LINE1,
and then set X
zero to PNT1.
Geometric Elements
Basic Geometric Elements

Z
Element:
POINT
Min Points: 1
Position:
XYZ location
Vector:
None
Form:
None
2D/3D:
3D
EXAMPLE
Y
5
Output X = 5
Y=5
Z=5

Z
Element:
LINE
EXAMPLE
Min Points: 2
Position:
Centroid
Vector:
From 1st to
last point
Form:
Straightness
2D/3D:
2D/3D
Output
X = 2.5
X
I = -1
Y=0
J=0
Z=5
K=0

Z
Element:
EXAMPLE
CIRCLE
Min Points: 3
Position:
Centre
Vector*:
Matches
reference plane
Form:
Roundness
Y
5
1
3
2
2D/3D:
2D
Output
* The vector of a circle is only for

measurement purposes, and does not
uniquely describe the features geometry.
X=2
5
I=0
D=4
Y=2
J=0
R=2
Z=0
K=1

Z
EXAMPLE
2
Element:
PLANE
Min Points: 3
Position:
Centroid
Vector:
Perpendicular
Form:
Flatness
2D/3D:
3D
Y
5
3
Output
5
X = 1.67
I = 0.707
Y = 2.50
J = 0.000

Z
EXAMPLE
4
Element:
CYLINDER
Min Points: 5
Position:
Centroid
Vector:
From 1st level of

hits to last level
Form:
Cylindricity
2D/3D:
3D
Y
5
1
3
2
X = 2.0
I=0
5
D=4
Y = 2.0
J=0
R=2
Z = 2.5
K=1

Z
Element:
CONE
EXAMPLE
5
4
Min Points: 6
Position:
Apex
Vector:
From 1st level of

hits to last level
Form:
Conicity
2D/3D:
3D
6
5
5
1
3
2
X = 2.0
I=0
Y = 2.0
J=0
Z = 5.0
K=1
5
A = 43deg

Z
Element:
SPHERE
Min Points: 4
Position:
Vector*:
EXAMPLE
Centre
Toward North
Pole of Hits
Form:
Sphericity
2D/3D:
3D
* The vector of a sphere is only for

measurement purposes, and does not
describe the features geometry.
X = 2.5
I=0
5
D = 5.0
Y = 2.5
J=0
R = 2.5
Z = 2.5
K=1
Constructed Features
Points
POINT : AT ORIGIN
A point is constructed
at the origin of the
current alignment
system. Coordinates of
the point will be 0, 0, 0.
X
POINT
POINT : CAST
CIRCLE1
A point is created at the

centroid of the selected
feature. Its coordinates
(x y z) are equal to that
of the Circle
INPUT : CIRCLE1
POINT
POINT
POINT : CORNER
intersection of three
planes.
INPUT : PLN1
PLN2
PLN3
PLN2
PLN3
PLN1
POINT
POINT : PIERCE
PLN1
A point is created
where feature 1 pierces
the surface of feature 2.
The order of selection
is Important
INPUT : CYL1
PLN1
Y
CYL1
5
POINT : OFFSET
specified offsets from
the selected feature.
POINT
Y
5
INPUT : PNT1
X Offset = 0
Y Offset = 4
Z Offset = 1
PNT1
POINT : INTERSECT
location where the two
selected features cross.
LINE2
INPUT : LINE1
LINE2
LINE1
POINT
POINT : DROP
CIRCLE1
A point is created by
projecting the first
features centroid onto
the second feature (line,
cone, cylinder, or slot).
INPUT : CIRCLE1
LINE1
LINE1
POINT
POINT : MID
CIRCLE1

midpoint of the two
selected features.
INPUT : CIRCLE1
CIRCLE2
POINT
CIRCLE2
POINT
POINT : PROJECT
A point is created by
projecting the feature
onto the selected plane.
PLN1
INPUT : PNT1
PLN1
PNT1
Circles
CIRCLE : BF
CIRCLE
A best-fit circle is
created through the
selected features.
CIR1
INPUT : CIR1
CIR2
CIR3
CIR4
CIR4
CIR2
CIR3
CIRCLE : CONE
A circle is created
inside a cone at the
specified diameter.
CONE1
CIRCLE
INPUT : CONE1
DIAMETER = 2
CIRCLE : INTERSECT
A circle is created at
the intersection of a
plane and a cone,
cylinder, or sphere.
INPUT : CONE1
PLN1
CONE1
CIRCLE
PLN1
Lines
LINE : ALIGNMENT
A line is created along

an axis of the current
coordinate system,
perpendicular to the
current working plane.
Z+ PLANE
CURRENT
WORKPLANE = Z+
X
LINE
LINE : BF
A best-fit line is created
through the selected
features.
INPUT : CIR1
CIR1
CIR2
CIR2
LINE
LINE : INTERSECT
A line is created at the
intersection of two
planes.
LINE
PLN2
INPUT : PLN1
PLN2
PLN1
LINE : PERP
A line is created
perpendicular to the first
selected feature, passing
through the second feature
CIRC1
INPUT : LINE1
CIRC1
LINE1
LINE
LINE : PARALLEL
A line is created parallel to
the first selected feature,
passing through the
second feature.
CIRC1
LINE
INPUT : LINE1
CIRC1
LINE1
LINE : REVERSE
A new line is created in
the opposite direction
of the selected line.
LINE
LINE1
INPUT : LINE1
LINE : OFFSET
A line is created through
the centre of the first
feature, passing by the
second feature at the
specified offset.
INPUT : CIR1
CIR1
CIR2
CIR2
OFFSET = 1
LINE
Dimensioning Features
Location
LOCATION
The dimension LOCATION option reports the specified
characteristic of the selected feature. Characteristics that can be
reported are:
rad
ang
LOCATION
EXAMPLE:
Reporting CIR1
X=2
Y=2
Z=0
D=2
R=1
2
2
CIR1
1 1
0
LOCATION
EXAMPLE:
Reporting CONE1
A = 60
V = 0, 0, 1
(I, J, K)
CONE1
2
2
60
1 1
0
LOCATION
EXAMPLE:
Reporting POINT1
2
Prad = 2.828
Pang = 45
POINT1
1 1
2
8
.
2
45
0
True Position
TRUE POSITION
The following is an example of normal tolerancing of a
Circle:
0.1
1.00 .05
0.1
1.00 .05
2.00 .05
TRUE POSITION
Zooming in on the theoretical circle centre...
Location of measured
circle centre:
1.05
GOOD
OUT OF
TOLERANCE
.95
1.95
2.05
TRUE POSITION
Why are two points the same distance from nominal not both
in tolerance?
OUT OF
TOLERANCE
GOOD
True Position
tolerance zone
True Position tolerancing creates a circular tolerance zone, which
better judges parts based on the fit and function of mating parts
True Position
MMC
Maximum Material Condition
20+/- 0.2
0.15
A
Dia Bonus
30
19.80
19.90
20.00
20.10
20.20
0
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
MMC
0.15
0.25
0.35
0.45
0.55
40
Sizes in MM
NB: The bonus will not be applied if the Dia of the hole is out of tolerance
True Position
MMC -MMC
30
Maximum Material Condition - Maximum Material Condition

20+/- 0.2
MMC 0.15
A
Dia A Dia 2
MMC
19.80 19.80
19.90 19.90
20.00 20.00
20.10 20.10
20.20 20.20
0.15
0.35
0.55
0.75
0.95
40
20+/- 0.2
NB: The bonus will not be applied if the Dia of the hole is out of tolerance
True Position
LMC
Bonus
19.80
19.90
20.00
20.10
20.20
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.
30
Least Material Condition

20+/- 0.2
0.15
A
Dia
LMC
0.55
0.45
0.35
0.25
0.15
40
NB: The bonus will not be applied if the Dia of the stud is out of tolerance
True Position
LMC - LMC
Least Material Condition - Least Material Condition
30
0.15
19.80 19.80
19.90 19.90
20.00 20.00
20.10 20.10
20.20 20.20
40
Dia A Dia 2
LMCLMC
0.95
0.75
0.55
0.35
0.15
20+/- 0.2
NB: The bonus will not be applied if the Dia of the stud is out of tolerance
2D Distances
DISTANCE 2D
The 2-dimensional distance option calculates distances
between features within the current working plane.
TYPICAL 2D DISTANCE USAGE : Point to Line or
Circle to Circle or Circle to Line
DISTANCE 2D
When calculating a 2-Dimensional distance, you have
many options to determine which distance to report. For
Example, you could report these distances from CIR1 to
CIR2 :
Y
DIST2
CIR2
3
T
S
DI
CIR1
DIST1
DISTANCE 2D
The options available are:
DIST2
3
T
S
DI
DIST1
Centre to Centre
To Feature
Parallel to
To X Axis
To Y Axis &
Perpendicular to
To Z Axis
DIST1 can be created using:
DIST2 can be created using:
DIST3
To X Axis, Parallel to
Centre
To Y Axis,
to Centre
Parallel to
(no
ToTo
Y Axis,
axisPerpendicular
selected)
To X Axis, Perpendicular
X
DISTANCE 2D
The To Feature option can be used when a
distance to be calculated is not parallel or
perpendicular to an axis of the current coordinate
system.
The order of feature selection is important for this
option. The distances are calculated to either
Perpendicular or Parallel to the SECOND feature,
based on your selection.
DISTANCE 2D
How can you report the overall length of this part?
Measure a line on one side, a point on the other.
Report the 2D Distance from PNT1 to LINE1, using the
To Feature option, Perpendicular to LINE1.
LINE1
DISTANCE
PNT1
DISTANCE 2D
If you just click on PNT1 and LINE1, and choose
no To option, the distance will be straight from
the lines centroid to PNT1. THIS IS NOT
WHAT YOU WANT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
LINE1
DISTAN
CE
PNT1
DISTANCE 2D
When calculating 2-Dimensional distances, it is very
important that the correct WORKING PLANE is selected.
In the last example, the working plane was set to Z PLUS.
Y
Z PLUS
Working
Plane
DISTANCE 2D
The ADD RADIUS and SUB RADIUS option modifies
the calculated distance to include or subtract the radii of
dimensioned circles.
Y
Normal
Distance
ADD RADIUS
SUB RADIUS
Distance
Distance
3D Distances
DISTANCE 3D
3-dimensional distances calculate the shortest distance
between two features, regardless of the working plane.
TYPICAL 3D DISTANCE USAGE: Point to Plane
DISTANCE 3D
EXAMPLE:
PLN1
3D Distance from
PNT1 to PLN1
DISTANCE
PNT1
ANGLES
An angle is created at
the intersection of two
lines
LINE 1
LINE 2
60
ANGLE
Perpendicularity
0.15 Wide Tolerance Zone
0.15
Possible orientation of
the actual surface
Parallelism
0.15
the actual surface
Angularity
0.5
A
the actual surface
35
35

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Metrology House

Halesfield 13, Telford

Welcome to Brown & Sharpes

Measuring Systems Group

Measuring Systems Group

Understand why and how a Probe Qualification is

The Cartesian Coordinate System

The Cartesian Coordinate System

The Cartesian Coordinate System

What are the

Probe Head (Wrist) &

Articulating Probe Head

Articulating Probe Head

Touch Trigger Probes

Mechanical Probes such as

Touch Trigger Probes

Touch Trigger Probes

Ball Centre coordinates at

Building The Probe

PC-DMIS Working Planes

PC-DMIS Working Planes

What Is A Working Plane

PC-DMIS Working Planes

* In the Zplus plane, zero deg is in the +X direction

Circle Measurement Direction

Incorrect Vector = cosine error

Nominal Contact Point

Expected Contact Point

STEP 1 : Level Z Axis to Plane

How To Align a Part

Building The Alignment

And Then Select

From The Features

Click On Auto Align

Basic Geometric Elements

Basic Geometric Elements

Basic Geometric Elements

* The vector of a circle is only for

Basic Geometric Elements

Basic Geometric Elements

From 1st level of

Basic Geometric Elements

From 1st level of

Basic Geometric Elements

* The vector of a sphere is only for

A point is created at the

A point is created at the

A line is created along

Maximum Material Condition - Maximum Material Condition

Least Material Condition

0.5 Wide Tolerance Zone

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