PREHISTORIC

SCIENCE

ORIGIN
ORIGIN OF
OF
SCIENCE
ANCIENT
EGYPT
SCIENCE
(3150 BC)

ANCIENT INDIA
(2900 BC)

Ancient Indian made an

The Ancient Egyptians
In prehistoric times,
important contribution
were one of the first
advice and knowledge
to science as well as to
civilizations to form in
was passed from
mathematics. Indians
the ancient world.
generation to
greatest contribution
Egyptians were
generation in anoral
was, atomism,
inventing writingand
tradition.Many ancient
medicine, the use of
advancing the sciences
civilizations collected
zero and the use of
of mathematics,
astronomical
decimal system.
medicine and
information in a
ANCIENT
astronomy. ANCIENT GREEK (900
systematic
mannerCHINA
through
simpleBC)
(1850
BC)
observation
Ancient Chinese
The ancient Greece has a
philosophers made
number of inventions and
significant advances in
discoveries attributed to
science, technology,
them.Their findings in the
mathematics, medicine and
area of astronomy,
astronomy. The first
geography and mathematics,

Timeline on
History and Philosophy
of Science and
Mathematics

Early
EarlyMen
Menof
ofScience
Scienceand
and
Mathematics
Mathematics

Hippocrates (460 BC370 BC)

Aristotle
BC)

(384-322

Archimedes (287-212
BC)

He is referred to as
the"Father of Modern
Medicinein recognition
of
his
lasting
contributions to the field
as the founder of the
Hippocratic School of
Medicine.
Hiscontributionsto
medicine
include
detailed observations of

Aristotle was a genius

Greek philosopher and
scientist of the ancient
age.
He
gained
knowledge in different
fields
with
his
expansive mind and
prodigious
writings.Aristotle
made collections to the
plant
and
animal

He developed influential
knowledge
on
mathematical
physics
and
engineering.
He
introduced infinitesimals
and laid the foundation
for calculus. He gave
descriptions on the first
finite
geometric
progression, computed
areas and volumes of

Ibn Al- Haytham (9651040)

Muslim scholars, were
the
prime
movers
behind the development
of the scientific method.
They were the first to
useexperimentand
observation as the basis
of science, and many
historians regard
science as starting
during this period. Al-

Roger Bacon (12141284)

Copernicus (14731543)

is credited as the first

scholar to
promoteinductive
reasoning as part of
the scientific method.
Here, findings from
anexperimentaregen
eralizedto the wider
world, a process used
by almost all modern
scientists.

He was famous
because of his
Astronomy. His
famous theory was
that it was the sun at
the center of the
universe, rather than
the earth,
Heliocentric theory.
Although there were
limitations to the

Francis Bacon (1561

1626)
Francis Bacon, an
English Philosopher,
used the ideas of
Aristotelian to promote
the application of
induction, an
important technique
that is used in modern
science. He is also
credited for developing
the initial framework

Galileo Galilei (15641642)

Isaac Newton
(1642-1726)

Galileo is called as the

father of modern science
because of his
discoveries in astronomy
and physics. He made
the first telescope to
observe stars and
planets. He also
discovered the law of
pendulum and also
discovered that the
surface of moon and

was an English
physicistandmathem
atician. Hemade
seminalcontributions
to optics, and he
shares credit with
Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz for the
development of
calculus.
Newton'sPrincipia
formulated the laws

Michael Faraday
(1791-1867)

Charles Darwin (1809

1882)

was an
Englishscientistwho
made two big
discoveries that
changed our lives. He
contributed to the study
of
electromagnetismande
lectrochemistry. His
main discoveries
include the principles
underlyingelectromagn

His most famous

work,On the Origin of
Species, explains the
theory of evolution by
natural selection. He
believed that all of life
on earth had descended
from a common
ancestor. Successive
generations of life took
part in a struggle for
existence in which the

Gregor Mendel
(1822-1844)
He gained posthumous
fame as the founder of
the
modernscienceofgene
tics. Gregor Mendel,
through his work on
pea plants, discovered
the fundamental laws
of inheritance. He
deduced that genes
come in pairs and are
inherited as distinct

Louis Pasteur (18221895)

Dmitri Mendeleev
(1834-1907)

was
aFrenchchemistand
microbiologistrenowne
d for his discoveries of
the principles
ofvaccination,microbia
l
fermentationandpaste
urization. He is
remembered for his
remarkable
breakthroughs in the

was a
Russianchemistand
inventor. He formulated
thePeriodic Law,
created a farsighted
version of theperiodic
tableofelements, and
used it to correct the
properties of some
already discovered
elements and also to
predict the properties

Wilhelm Roentgen
(1845-1923)
was a
Germanmechanical
engineerandphysicist,
who, on 8 November
1895, produced and
detectedelectromagneti
c radiationin a
wavelengthrange known
asX-raysor Roentgen
rays, an achievement
that earned him the
firstNobel Prize in

Albert Einstein (18791955)

His greatest
contribution to the
world was theory of
relativity in which he
described new ways of
looking at time, space,
matter, energy and
gravity. His works also
provided the basis for
advances such as the
control of atomic
energy, space

Alexander Fleming
(1881 1955)

Niels Bohr (1885

1962)

was a Scottishbiologist,
pharmacologistandbot
anist. His best-known
discoveries are
theenzymelysozymein
1923 and the world's
firstantibioticsubstance
benzylpenicillin. He also
discovered the first
antibiotic, penicillin,
which he grew in his lab
using mold and fungi.

was aphysicistwho made

foundational
contributions to
understandingatomic
structureandquantum
theory, for which he
received theNobel Prize.
He also developed atomic
model, in which he
proposed that energy
levels ofelectronsare
discrete and that the

Georges Lemaitre
(1894-1966
was a Belgianpriest,
astronomerand
professor. He proposed
the theory of
theexpansion of the
universe. He was the
first to derive what is
now known asHubble's
lawand made the first
estimation of what is
now called theHubble

Thomas Kuhn (19221996)

James Watson and

Francis Crick (1953)

was an
Americanphysicist,hist
orianandphilosopher
of science whose
controversial 1962
bookThe Structure of
Scientific
Revolutionswas
influential in both
academic and popular
circles, introducing the

The two scientists

found the double-helix
structure of DNA. Its
made up of two strands
that twist around each
other and have an
almost endless variety
of chemical patterns
that create instructions
for the human body to
follow. The discovery

SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES IN 21ST

CENTURY
2001 The first draft of the Human Genome Project is published.
2006 - Shinya Yamanaka generates first induced pluripotent stem cells
2010 J. Craig Venter Institute creates the first synthetic genome for a bacterial cell.
2010 - The Neanderthal Genome Project presented preliminary genetic evidence that
interbreeding did likely take place and that a small but significant portion of
Neanderthal admixture is present in modern non-African populations.
2012 - Photonic molecules are discovered.
2014- Exotic hadrons are discovered.
2015 - Kepler 438b discovered to have similar Earth-like properties.
2015 - Traces of liquid water discovered on Mars/
2016 - The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory team
detected gravitational waves from a black hole merger.

REFERENCES:
https://explorable.com/history-of-the-scientific-method
http://www.brighthub.com/science/space/articles/34976.aspx
https://explorable.com/who-invented-the-scientific-method
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/top-10-greatest-scientists-who-changedworld-marko-jovanovi%C4%87-m-dhttps://prezi.com/hlchifhnrnpk/development-of-scientific-thinking-timeline/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_scientific_discoveries
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_history_of_scientific_method

Prepared by:
Jocel R. Labao
MAGenSciEd