REPRO HEALTH

BIRTH SPACING
OR
FAMILY PLANNING

Post RN B Sc. N
Year 2
BCON
Mrs. ADELINE YOUNAS
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OBJECTIVES
By the end of this session learners
will be able to:
Define the term family planning.
Explain purposes of family planning.
Discuss the criteria for contraception.
Define spacing methods.
Elaborate different methods of
contraception.
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Family planning

Family planning is the planning of

when to have children,
The use of birth control,
Techniques to implement such plans.

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PURPOSES
Raising a child requires significant
amounts of resources : time, social,
financial, and environmental.
Planning can help assure that
resources are available.
To improve health of the mother and
child.
Helping to prevent HIV/AIDS.
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CRITERIA FOR IDEAL

CONTRACEPTIVE
It should be safe for use means free
from any kind of side effects.
It should be reliable.
It should be easy to administer and
convenient.
It should be cost effective.
It should be culturally feasible and
acceptable.
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Methods of
contraception
1. Spacing methods:
a) Natural methods
b) Barrier:
) physical barrier methods
) Chemical barrier methods
) Intra-uterine devices
) Hormonal methods
) Post conception methods
2. Terminal methods:
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SPACING METHODS
Help in prevention of pregnancy as
long as they are used.
These methods can help in timing
and spacing of pregnancies ,
preventing unwanted children.
These methods are temporary
methods.

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NATURAL METHODS
Natural methods do not involve the
use of any of the man made devices.
These methods are useful for timing
and spacing of pregnancies.

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COITUS INTERRUPUS / WITH DRAWL

METHOD
In this method the penis is withdrawn
from the vagina before ejaculation. In
this way semen is prevented from
entering the uterine cavity and
pregnancy does not take place. Since
the penis is withdrawn and
ejaculation takes place outside the
vagina, this method is called coitus
interruptus or withdrawl method.
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COITUS INTERRUPUS / WITH DRAWL

METHOD
Merits:
1. Involves no cost
2.It does not require
any other device
3.With self control
and discipline it can
be fairly effective.

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Demerits:
1.Require a great deal
of self control.
2.Slightest delay in
withdrawal can lead
to pregnancy.
3.Pre-ejaculatory fluid
contains enough
quantity of semen
that leads to
pregnancy.
4.Thus failure rate is
very high.

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SAFE PERIOD
Based upon the process of ovulation
and menstrual cycle which helps in
determination of the safe period
when coitus can be done and unsafe
period when coitus can be avoided to
prevent pregnancy.

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SAFE PERIOD
DEMERITS:
1.Requires self control
by the partners
during the highly
unsafe period.
2.Not suitable for
women who does
not have regular
periods.
3.Require great deal
of will power and
motivation.
4.Failure rate is high.
5.Not acceptable
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MERITS:
1.Does not require
any man made
devices

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ABSTINENCE
This involves complete avoidance of
sexual co-habit.

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BARRIER METHODS
Barrier methods are those methods
which prevent meeting of sperm
from ovum.
There are 3 types of barrier methods.

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BARRIER METHODS
NIRODH: (CONDOM)
It is a thin rubber sheath which is used by
men. It is rolled over the erect penis
before having sex. this rubber sheath
prevents the entry of semen into the
vagina .The condom must be held
carefully when taking out the penis from
the vagina to prevent spilling of semen
into the vagina. It is available free of cost
from urban or rural family welfare centers.
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NIRODH: (CONDOM)

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TYPES OF CONDOMS
Dry condom
Deluxe condom
Super deluxe condom
examples
Night Light: Glow-In-The-Dark Condom.
Flavored Condoms
Studded Condoms.
Warming Condoms.
Edible Condoms
Pleasure Shaped
Colored Condoms.
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NIRODH: (CONDOM)
Merits:
1. It is most simple
and effective
method.
2. Easy to use.
3. Disposable.
4. No medical
supervision is
required.
5. Protects from
sexually
transmitted
disease.
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Demerits:
1.If not used
correctly it may
slip or get tear of
and the semen
gets spilled into
vagina.
2.In some rare
cases the person
may have allergic
reaction to
rubber.
3.Some people may
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not enjoy sex

DIAPHRAGM
The diaphragm is used by women in her
vagina to form a barrier in front of the
cervix. The diaphragm is dome shaped
and is like a shallow cap.
It is made up of soft synthetic rubber or
plastic with a stiff but flexible rim around
the edge. Its also known as DUTCH CAP.
Diaphragm is available in different size
from 5- 10 cm.
The size of diaphragm will vary with each
women. it is held in position partly
because of the tension created by the
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spring and partly because
of vaginal

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DIAPHRAGM

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DIAPHRAGM
Merits:
1.A diaphragm along
with spermicidal is
very effective.
2.The failure rate is
very low.
3.There is no risk or
any kind of
contraindication.

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Demerits:
1.It requires the
assistance of doctor
and any health
professional.
2.It requires
periodical check
ups.
3.It requires privacy
and time to place it
in the vagina.
4.It requires facilities
for its proper care
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VAGINAL SPONGE
It is small polyurethane foam sponge,
diffused with spermicide . The
sponge is shaped in a way that it can
be fitted on to the cervix and has a
loop on its outer surface which can
be used to pull out the sponge after
use.
It should be inserted in coitus.
It provides protection for 24 hours .
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VAGINAL SPONGE

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VAGINAL SPONGE
It should remain be there for at least
6 hours after coitus.
Sperms are trapped on it the sponge
and are destroyed by spermicidal.
It is better than not to use any
method.

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