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ETHERNET
Ethernet is a certain type of a local area
network (LAN) which was developed in 1972 in
the renowned PARC-research facility of Xerox
in Palo Alto by Robert Metcalfe. In the
meantime the companies Intel, DEC and Xerox
have specified a common standard that has
been established in the IEEE-standard 802.3.
We cannot afford the redundant connections
and dynamic routing of store-and-forward
packet
switching
to
assure
reliable
communication, so we choose to achieve
reliability through simplicity.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHERNET
Connectionless Communication
No Acknowledgments
No Flow and Error Control
CSMA/CD as accessing technology
CSMA/CD
{0,1}
0.50
{0,1,2,3}
0.75
{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
0.875
{0,1,2,3,..14,15}
0.9375
{0,1,2,3,2i -1}
10
{0,1,2,3,..1023}
0.999
11
{0,1,2,3,..1023}
0.999
16
{0,1,2,3,..1023}
1-1/2i
0.999
FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
Frame length:
Minimum: 64 bytes
(512 bits)
Maximum: 1518 bytes
(12,144 bits)
10Base5 implementation
10Base2 implementation
10Base-T implementation
10Base-F implementation
5-4-3 RULE
HUBS
SHARED
SWITCHED
LAYER
AND
3 SWITCHES
MEDIUM
LAN HUB
HUB
or LAYER 2 SWIT
Central Hub
Star Wiring Arrangement
TYPES OF LAYER 2
Store and forward switch
Cut through switch
LAYER 3 SWITCHES
TYPES OF LAYER 3 SWITCHES:
Packet by packet
Flow based
FASTETHERNET
The 10-Mbps Standard Ethernet has gone through
several changes before moving to the higher data
rates. These changes actually opened the road to the
evolution of the Ethernet to become compatible with
other high-data-rate LANs.
FAST ETHERNET is Ethernet compatible LAN
operating at 100Mbps
100BASE-X
100BASE-T4
100BASE-FX
100BASE-TX
Fast
Ethernet
100BASE-X
Unidirectional data rate of 100 Mbps over
a single link.
100BASE-X has 2 physical medium
specifications:
100BASE-TX
100BASE-FX
100BASE-TX uses 2 pairs of Twisted
Cable and follows 4B/5B-MLT-3 encoding
technique.
100BASE-FX uses 2 Optical Fiber Cable
and follows 4B/5B-NRZI encoding
technique
100BASE-T4
Data rate of 100 Mbps over low quality cat 3 cable, one may
use cat 5 cable.
Data Stream is split into 3 separate data streams, each
with effective data rate of 331/3 Mbps.
4 Twisted pairs are used.
Data is transmitted using 3 pairs and received using 3
pairs. So, two pairs must be configured for bidirectional
transmission
8B/6T encoding scheme
GIGABITETHERNET
In the full-duplex
mode of Gigabit
Ethernet, there is no
collision;
the maximum length
of the cable is
determined by the
signal attenuation
in the cable.
10GbpsETHERNET
FACTORS DEMANDING 10 Gbps :
Increase in number of network
connections
Increase in speed of end stations
Increase in deployment of bandwidth
sensitive applications
Increase in Web Hosting and application
hosting traffic