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Bagian 2
dr. Vidya
Muscle Terminology
Origin
proximal attachment
least moveable end
closest to the midline of the body
Insertion
distal attachment
most moveable end
furthest from the midline of the body
Action
The movement at the joint when the
muscle(s) contract
Fascicle Arrangement
Organization of Skeletal Muscle
Fibers
Four patterns of fascicle organization
Parallel
Convergent
Pennate
Circular
Levers
Levers
Mechanically, each bone is a lever (a
rigid, moving structure)
And each joint a fulcrum (a fixed point)
Levers
Function of a lever is to change
Direction of an AF
Distance and speed of movement produced by an AF
Effective strength of an AF
Types of Muscle--Actions
Prime mover (Agonist) muscle with the
major responsibility for a certain movement
Antagonist muscle that opposes or reverses
a prime mover
Synergist muscle that aids a prime mover in
a movement and helps prevent rotation
Fixator stabilizes the origin of a prime mover
Action
Skeletal
Muscle
Origin
&
Insertion
Size
Shape
Number
Of
Origins
Direction of Muscle
Fibers
Relative to the Midline
RECTUS = parallel to
the midline
Rectus Abdominus
TRANSVERSE =
perpendicular to midline
Transverse
Abdominus
OBLIQUE = diagonal to
midline
External Oblique
Location
Structure near
which muscle is
found
FRONTALIS =
near FRONTAL
bone
OCCIPITALIS =
near OCCIPITAL
bone
Size
Relative Size of Muscle
MAXIMUS = largest
Gluteus Maximus
MEDIUS = middle
Gluteus Medius
MINIMUS = smallest
Gluteus Minimus
LONGUS = longest
Fibularis Longus
BREVIS = short
Fibularis Brevis
TERTIUS = shortest
Fibularis Tertius
Number of Origins
Number of tendons of
origin
BICEPS = Two
Biceps Brachii
Biceps Femoris
TRICEPS = Three
Triceps Brachii
QUADRICEPS = Four
Quadriceps
Femoris
Shape
Relative Shape of
the Muscle
DELTOID =
triangular shape
TRAPEZIUS =
trapezoid shape
SERRATUS =
saw-toothed
RHOMBOIDEUS
= rhomboid shape
TERES = round
Action
NAME
ACTION
EXAMPLE
FLEXOR
EXTENSOR
ABDUCTOR
ADDUCTOR
LEVATOR
Adductor Longus
Levator Scapulae
DEPRESSOR
Produce downward
movement
SUPINATOR
Supinator
PRONATOR
Turn palm
downward/posterior
Pronator Teres
Oblique Muscles:
rotation of the
vertebrae
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores
Muscles of Quiet
Respiration
Diaphragm
External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
deep breaths
Abdominal Muscles
External Obliques
Internal Obliques
Transverse Abdominus
Rectus Abdominus
(flexes vertebral
column)
Quadratus Lumborum
Muscles of Scapular
Stabilization
Trapezius:
Retraction
Elevation
Depression
Upward Rotation
Rhomboidretraction
Levator ScapularElevation
Pectoralis MajorProtraction
Serratus Anterior
Protraction
Anterior Muscles of
Shoulder
Deltoid
Whole muscle: Abduction
@ shoulder
Anterior part: flexion /
medial rotation
Posterior part: extension /
lateral rotation
Pectoralis Major
Flexion
Adduction
Medial Rotation
Biceps BrachiiFlexion
Posterior Muscles of
Shoulder
Teres Major
Adduction
Extension
Medial Rotation
Latissimus Dorsi
Adduction
Extension
Medial Rotation
Triceps Brachii
Extension
Muscles of the
Elbow/Forearm
Triceps Brachii
Extension
Bicep Brachii
Flexion
Supination
BrachialisFlexion
Brachioradialis
Flexion
Pronation
Pronator Teres
Pronator Quadratus
Supinator Longus
Muscles of Hip:
Anterior Muscles
Medial/Adductor
Muscles:
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Gracilis
Anterior Muscles
IliopsoasFlexion
Pectineus
Flexion
Sartorius
Flexion (knee)
Lateral Rotation (hip)
Muscles of Hip:
Gluteal Muscles
Gluteus Maximus
Extension
Gluteus Medius
Abduction
Gluteus Minimus
Abduction
Tensor Fasciae
Latae
** Gluteus Minimus is under the
Gluteus Medius
Flexion
Abduction
Muscles of Anterior
Thigh
Quadriceps
Rectus Femoris
Hip flexion
Knee extension
Vastus Lateralis
knee extension
Vastus Medialis
knee extension
Vastus Intermedius
knee extension
Sartorius
Hip & Knee Flexion
Lateral Hip Rotation
**Vastus Intermedius is
beneath Rectus Femoris
Muscles of Posterior
Thigh
Hamstrings
Responsible for
Knee Flexion &
Hip Extension
Semimembranosu
s
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
Gastrocnemius
Knee Flexion
Posterior Compartment
Gastrocnemius
plantarflexion, knee flexion
Soleusplantarflexion
Lateral Compartment
Fibularis Longus
plantarflexion & eversion
Fibularis Brevis
plantarflexion & eversion
Temporomandibular Joint
Elbow Joint
Coxal Joint
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