RESOURCES CONSERVING

ARCHITECTURE

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY
Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into
useful forms of power - mainly electricity.
This is the only form of energy whose source is the moon.
Tides generated by the combination of the moon and suns gravitational
forces.

 Ocean tides are the periodic rise and fall of

ocean water level occurs twice in each lunar
day (12 hours cycle)
During one lunar day (24.83 H) the ocean
water level rises twice and fall twice.
Time interval between a consecutive low
tide and high tide is 6.207 hrs.
The difference in water height from
low tide and high tide is potential energy.
To capture sufficient power from the
tidal energy potential, the height of
high tide must be at least five meters (16 feet) greater than low tide.
There are approximately 20 locations on earth with tides this high

India is one of them.

The Gulf of Cambay and the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat on the west coast.
Tidal range

GULF OF CAMBAY

GULF OF KUTCH

maximum

11m

8m

average

6.77m

5.23m

THE LOW TIDE

THE HIGH TIDE

TIDAL ENERGY
Tidal power is generated by a turbine under water that spins making the
mechanical energy to electrical through a generator that send the electrical energy
to the shore.
Tidal power has potential for future electricity generation and is more predictable
than wind energy and solar power

CLASSIFICATION OF
TIDAL GENERATORS

TIDAL
BARRAGES

TIDAL
STREAM
GENERATORS

DYNAMIC
TIDAL
GENERATORS

DYNAMIC
TIDAL
TIDAL STREAM
TIDAL
BARRAGES
GENERATORS
GENERATORS
GENERATORS
Are Typically dams,
built across on
estuary of bay

Make use of the

kinetic energy of
moving water to
power turbines

creating a long damlike structure

perpendicular to the
coast and a coastparallel barrier at the
far end

TIDAL BARRAGES
Barrages make use of the potential energy
from the difference in height (or head) between
high and low tides.
Barrages suffer from the problems of very high
civil infrastructure costs, few viable sites
globally and environmental issues

Principle of working
Three main tidal energy barrage schemes:

1. Flood Generation
2. Ebb Generation
3. Two way Generation

1.Tidal Barrage Flood

Generation
The tidal power is generated as
the water enters the tidal
reservoir on the incoming tide.

2. Tidal Barrage Ebb

Generation
The tidal power is generated
as the water leaves the tidal
reservoir on the ebb tide.
More efficient than flood
generation.

3. Two way Tidal Barrage Generation

uses both rising tide and
falling tide
requires more accurate
control of gates
less efficient than one
way flood generation

The Rance tidal barrage in North-West

France is the largest in the world

ADVANTAGES OF TIDAL BARRAGE

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TIDAL STREAM
GENERATORS
A tidal stream generator is a machine that extracts
energy from moving masses of water, or tides. These
machines function very much like underwater wind
turbines, and are sometimes referred to as tidal
turbines. Tidal stream generators are the cheapest and
the least ecologically damaging.

Types of tidal stream generators

1. Axial turbines
2. Cross flow turbines
3. Flow augmented turbines
4. Oscillating devices

ADVANTGES OF TIDAL STREAM GENERATOR

Low Noise Pollution

Sound levels transmitted are very low

High Predictability
Tides predicted years in advance, unlike wind

High Power Density

Much smaller turbines than wind turbines for the same power

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DYNAMIC TIDAL POWER

Untried but promising technology for

tidal power generation.

Involve creating a long dam-like structure

perpendicular to the coast and a coastparallel barrier at the far end, forming a
large 't' shape

Creating water level differences on

opposite sides of the barrier which drive a
series of bi-directional turbines installed
in the dam

It is estimated that some of the largest

dams could accommodate over 15 gw
(15000 mw) of installed capacity

CURRENT SITES OF TIDAL POWER PLANTS

Station

Capacity (MW)

Country

Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station

254

South Korea

Rance Tidal Power Station

240

France

Annapolis Royal Generating Station

20

Canada

Jiangxia Tidal Power Station

3.2

China

Kislaya Guba Tidal Power Station

1.7

Russia

Uldolmok Tidal Power Station

1.5

South Korea

Strangford Lough SeaGen

1.2

United Kingdom

Sundarban area

40

india

TIDAL POWER PLANTS in india

West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency in sunderbans.
The Indian state of Gujarat is planning to host South Asia's first commercialscale tidal power station. The company Atlantis Resources is to install a 50MW
tidal farm in the Gulf of Kutch on India's west coast, with construction starting
early in 2012. later on it is decided to increase the capacity up to 250MW
plants.
In Kerala,situated near the breakwaters of Vizhinjam Port which is about 20
km from Thiruvananthapuram city. The station started its commercial operation
in 1991. This oscillating water column (OWC) produces about 150 kw of
power.

FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
In a society with increasing energy needs, it is becoming more and more
important to have alternative sources of power to keep up with the ever
growing energy demand.
The capacity of tidal energy exceeds that of coal and oil and is renewable.
The Department of Energy has shown great enthusiasm in regards to tidal
power as the perfect energy source for the future.

ADVANTAGES OF TIDAL ENERGY

1) It is an inexhaustible source of energy.
2) Tidal energy is environment friendly energy and doesn't produce greenhouse
gases.
3) As 71% of Earths surface is covered by water, there is scope to generate this
energy on large scale.
4) We can predict the rise and fall of tides as they follow cyclic fashion.
5) Efficiency of tidal power is far greater as compared to coal, solar or wind
energy. Its efficiency is around 80%.
6) Although cost of construction of tidal power is high but maintenance costs are
relatively low.
7) Tidal Energy doesnt require any kind of fuel to run.
8) The life of tidal energy power plant is very long.
9) The energy density of tidal energy is relatively higher than other renewable
energy sources.

DISADVANTAGES OF TIDAL ENERGY

1) Cost of construction of tidal power plant is high.
2) There are very few ideal locations for construction of plant and they too are
localized to coastal regions only.
3) Intensity of sea waves is unpredictable and there can be damage to power
generation units.
4) Influences aquatic life adversely and can disrupt migration of fish.
5) The actual generation is for a short period of time. The tides only happen
twice a day so electricity can be produced only for that time.
6) Frozen sea, low or weak tides, straight shorelines, low tidal rise or fall are
some of the obstructions.
7) Usually the places where tidal energy is produced are far away from the
places where it is consumed. This transmission is expensive and difficult.

COMPARISON

RANCE TIDAL POWER STATION, FRANCE

The first tidal power station was the Rance Tidal Power Station, located on the
estuary of the Rance River in Brittany, France.
Opened on the 26th November 1966, it is currently operated by Electricite de
France, and is the second largest tidal power station in the world, in terms of
installed capacity.
With a peak rating of 240 Megawatts, generated by its 24 turbines, it supplies
0.012% of the power demand of France.
With a capacity factor of approximately 40%, it supplies an average 96 Megawatts,
giving an annual output of approximately 600 GWh.