THE BALINESE

TRADITIONAL MEDICINE.
LECTURE 1
NYOMAN ADIPUTRA

WHO TECHNICAL REPORT

NO.622

TRADITIONAL MEDICINE MIGHT

ALSO BE CONSIDERED AS A SOLID
AMALGAMATION OF DYNAMIC
MEDICAL KNOW-HOW AND
ANCESTRAL EXPERIENCE

WHO TECHNICAL REPORT

NO.622
the sum total of all the knowledge
and practices whether explicable or
not, used in diagnosis, prevention
and elimination of physical, mental
or social imbalance and relying
exclusively on practical experience
and observation handed down from
generation to generation, whether
verbally or in writing

INTRODUCTION
TRADITIONAL MEDICAL KNOWHOW IS
FOUND IN EVERY NATION OR SUBNATION.
IT IS HANDED DOWN FROM GENERATION
TO GENERATION ORALLY OR WRITTEN.
FOR BALINESE IT IS WRITTEN ON PALM
LEAF (LONTAR).
THE BALINESE TRADITIONAL MEDICAL
KNOWHOW IS CONSIDERED AS A PART
OF BALINESE CULTURE.

WHY IT IS STILL UTILIZED?

THE BALINESE TRADITIONAL
MEDICINE IS A PART OF CULTURE
THERE ARE 3 ELEMENTS:
A) SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE;
B) PROVIDER;
C) CONSUMER.

A) SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE
SUBJECTS SHOULD KNOW:
1)GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (TATWA):
BRAHMANDA TATWA = COSMOLOGY
ATMA TATWA= SOUL
WREHASPATI TATWA= PHILOSOPHY
AJI SANGKHYA= PHILOSOPHY
WARIGA = CALENDAR
AGAMA = RELIGION
RWA BHINEDA= PHILOSOPHY

2) MEDICAL KNOWLEDGES

PANCA MAHA BHUTA = MEDICAL PHYSICS

SARASWATI = ANATOMY
SASTRA SANGA = ANATOMY
BUWANA MAHBAH = PATHOLOGY
PINARAH PITU = PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
KAHILANGAN KAWAH= PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PATI URIP= PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
TARUPREMANA, SUNDARI
SIKSA=PHARMACOPEA

CONT
BUDHA KECAPI, KALIMAHA USADHAUSADHI = COMPLETE MEDICAL
KNOWLEDGES.
KAPUTUSAN (THE SUMMARY)
CLASSIFICATION OF USADHA, BASED
ON 2 ASPECT:
1) SUBJECT TO BE TREATED
2) COLOR NAME

1. SUBJECT TO BE TREATED:

USADHA RAREPAEDIATRICS
USADHA DALEM INTERNAL MEDICINE
USADHA BUDUH PSYCHIATRY
USADHA GONDONGGOITRE DISEASE
USADHA KECACAR SMALLPOX
USADHA ILA LEPROZY
USADHA CUKIL DAKIDERMATOLOGY
USADHA MANAK OBSTETRY &
GYNECOLOGY
USADHA KAMATUSVENEROLOGY

2. COLOR NAME

USADHA
USADHA
USADHA
USADHA

KUNING (YELLOW)PAEDIATRICS
PUTIH (WHITE) ADOLESCENT
BANG (RED) ADULT
CEMENG (BLACK) GERIATRICS

INDIVIDUAL WHO MASTERING ON USADHA IS

CALLED BALIAN USADHA OR DUKUN

TYPE OF BALIAN IN BALI

BALIAN USADHA TRADITIONAL DOCTOR
BALIAN KETAKSON GOT A MAGICAL THING,
BY THEN HAS A POWER CAPABILITY IN
CURING A PATIENT
BALIAN MANAKAS A BIRTH ATTENDANCE
BALIAN ELUNGAS A BONE SETTER
BALIAN TENUNG AS A FORTUNE TELLER
BALIAN ENGENGAN AS A FORTUNE TELLER

WHO WILL BECOME A

BALIAN?
ANY BODY CAN
BOTH SEXES MALE OR FEMALE
GENEALOGICAL ASPECT PREFERENCE
(family pedigree)
AT THE LATE OF 30 YRS OLD START TO
STUDY
STUDY PROCESS IN A VERY INFORMAL
LEARNING PROCESS
UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SENIOR
TRADITIONAL HEALER/BALIAN

3. CONSUMER
THE BALINESE WHO ARE SUFFERING
FROM ANY OF ILLNESSES OR DISEASES.
AT VILLAGE AS WELL AS TOWN/ CITY.
WHEN?
-TRADITIONAL MEDICINE UTILIZE FIRSTLY
THEN TO MODERN MEDICINE
-MODERN MEDICINE FIRSTLY THEN TO
TM
-MM & TM AT THE SAME TIME

A BALIAN IS MORALLY
CONDUCT
ROLES OF BALIAN:
1) CONSULTANT,
2) HEALER,
3) MEDIATOR,
4) FORMAL LEADER,
5) VILLAGE COUNCIL,
6) ARTIST,
7) HOLY PRIEST

A BALIAN IS MORALLY
CONDUCT
THE STEPS DONE AS A HEALER (process
of making diagnosis):
1) INTERVIEWING (ANAMNESIS),
2) INSPECTING; do inspection
3) PALPATING; do palpation
4) PERCUSSING, do percussion
5) AUSCULTATING, do auscultation
6) ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

TREATMENT PROCEDURE
CONSISTS OF:
A) MEDICATION: -herbal, mineral, oil,
and animal organ.
-CAUSATIVE THERAPY;
-SYMPTOMATIC THERAPY;
-SUPPORTIVE THERAPY.
B) RELIGIOUS CEREMONY: by conducting
ceremony, as a purification process.

COVERAGE OF TM
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

CURATIVE
REHABILITATIVE
PREVENTIVE
PROMOTIVE

SIMILARITY &
DISSIMILARITY

MODERN MEDICINE
CURATIVE
REHABILITATIVE
PREVENTIVE
PROMOTIVE

SIMILARITY &
DISSIMILARITY

TRADITIONAL CONCEPT
HEALTH BALANCE OR HARMONY
BETWEEN PHYSICAL & MENTAL;
MICROCOSMIC & MACROCOSMIC.
ILLNESSDISBALANCE OR
DISHARMONY
TREATMENT:
DISBALANCE BALANCE
DISHARMONYHARMONY

AETIOLOGICAL FACTORS
1) INTERNALLY:
1) KANDA PAT: the four siblings
2) PANCA MAHA BHUTA: the 5 basic
elements
3) SAD RIPU: the six enemies
4) SAPTA TIMIRA: the seven darkneses

SAD RIPU= 6 ENEMIES

KAMA SEXUAL DRIVE

LOBA GREEDY
KRODA ANGRILY
MOHA UPSET
MATSARYA ENVY
MADA DRUNK

SAPTA TIMIRA = 7 DARKNESS

SURUPA BEAUTY
DANARICH
GUNACLEVER
KULINANOBILITY
YOWANAYOUNG
SURADRINKER
KASURAN SUCCESS

AETIOLOGICAL FACTORS
2) EXTERNALLY:
a) GOD; DEMONS; EVIL SPIRITS
b) TOXIC AGENTS: PLANTS, ANIMALS,
MINERALS, METALS
c) ENVIRONMENTAL:
MALCONSTRUCTION OF HOUSE,
INAPPROPRIATE HOUSE LOCATION,
DISCOMPOSED HOUSE,
WIND

Lecture 2.

CONCEPT OF TREATMENT
1) CAUSATIVE
2) SYMPTOMATIC
3) SUPPORTIVE
-PSYCHOANALYSES
-CEREMONY
-SOCIAL ASPECT

DRUGS USED
PLANTS: BARK, SKIN, ROOT, SEED,
FLOWER, LEAVES, FRUITS
ANIMAL: EGG, BLOOD, LIVER, BILE, BONE
MINERAL
WATER
OIL
SOURCES: USADA TARU PREMANA,
SUNDARI SIKSA, PARIK KAYU

TRADITIONAL HEALER
A) BALIAN: USADABY LEARNING
KETAKSONMAGICAL POWER
B) BALIAN: GENERALIST
SPECIALIST
C) BALIAN: PANENGEN RIGHTIST
PANGIWA LEFTIST

KEPUTUSAN
THE COMPLETE ONES
CONTAIN ALSO THE MANTRA (HOLY
SPELLING OR SONGS) THAT MUST BE
USED DURING TREATMENT
THERE ARE MANY KEPUTUSAN MUST
BE STUDIED

PAYMENT TO TRADL HEALER

IN NATURA: RICE, COCONUT, EGG
INFORMS OF DAKSINA, SAUR
ATUR, SESANGI
TRADITIONAL LAWS
NEVER SEEK FOR RICH
ETHICAL ASPECT

COMPARISON
APPROACH MARE HOLISTICS
DIAGNOSIS MORE FAMILIAR
MATERIALS FOR
MEDICINESNATURALLY PRODUCED
(environmentally sound, low cost)
PSYCHOLOGICAL
EFFECTBENEFITTING PATIENTS
CULTURAL EFFECT

TRADITIONAL TEXT FOR MATERIA

MEDICA
TARU PREMANA, SUNDARI SIKSA,
PARIK KAYU
EFFECTS DEPEND ON:
-COLOR OF FLOWER
-SHAPE OF LEAVES
-TASTE
-COLOR OF WOOD

COLOR OF FLOWER

WHITE WARM EFFECT

YELLOW WARM EFFECT
ROSENEUTRAL EFFECT
GREENCOLD EFFECT
BLUECOLD EFFECT
REDHOT EFFECT
PINKHOT EFFECT

COLOR OF WOOD

REDHOT
PINKHOT
VIOLETWARM
WHITECOLD
BLUECOLD

TASTE

SWEET HOT
CHILI HOT
BITTERNEUTRAL
NO TASTE NEUTRAL
DELICIOUS COLD
SOURWARM

LEAVES

ROUNDEDCOLD
LONGCOLD
SHARF HOT
SMALL BRANCHED HOT
SERRATEDNEUTRAL
BRANCHED NEUTRAL

ANIMALS

FOETUS: PORCUPINE
LIVER: SNAKE, DOG, MONKEY
BLOOD: SNAKE, MONKEY
BILE: SNAKE, DOG, MONKEY
MEAT: MONKEY, DOG, LIZARD, FISH
BONE: DUGONG FISH

CONCLUSION
BALINESE TRADITIONAL HEALER IS A
PART OF BALINESE SOCIETY AND
STILL FUNCTION
IN THEIR WAYS BALINESE BALIAN
ARE SCIENTIST, HAVING AFTER HARD
STUDY MASTERED A COHERENT AND
SYSTEMATIC WHOLE OF CULTURAL
KNOWLEDGE

CONCLUSION
BALIAN HAS TO BE OF A PURE
BEHAVIOUR AND A MORAL CONDUCT

KALIMA USADA

PINARAH PITU: doctrine of the 7 saints

SASTRA SANGA: the 9 openings of body
KAHILANGAN KAWAH: destroy the hell
PANCA MAHA BHUTA: 5 elements
PATI URIP: doctrine of death and life
SARASWATI: bodily various magic letter
BUWANA MABAH:the correspondence
between the universe and the body

BUDA KECAPI

THEORY & PRACTICES OF TRAD.MED

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES
THERAPEUTICS PROCEDURES
WAY OF PAYMENT TO BALIAN:
-SESANTUN
-SESANGI: -an offering to the God
-2/3 for Balian; -1/3 for patient
-SAUR ATUR: 1/3 B ; 1/3 P ; 1/3 N

GEOGRAPHICAL ORIENTATION
FROM SOUTH TO NORTH
SOUTH SEA; CONSIDERED IMPURE
NORTH MOUNTAIN; SACRED

SOLAR ORIENTATION

FROM WEST TO EAST

WEST IS CONSIDERED IMPURE
EAST IS CONSIDERED SACRED
TRICOTOMY:
PURE EAST OR NORTH
MODERATE MIDDLE
IMPURE WEST OR SOUTH

Based on geographical/solar
orientation
North
impure

moderate

Pure

West

East

moderate

impure
South