Professional Documents
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Multi-storied RC Buildings
using STAAD.Pro & ETABS
according to IS:1893-2002
Presented by
.
Rahul Leslie
Assistant Director,
Buildings Design,
DRIQ, Kerala PWD
Trivandrum, India
1
Topics Covered:
Computer modelling and analysis using
STAAD.Pro & ETABS for
Seismic Coefficient method as per IS:1893
(Part 1)-2002
Response Spectrum method as per
IS:1893(Part 1)-2002
Miscellaneous points
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
ETABS Model
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
ETABS Model
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
STAAD Model
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
STAAD Model
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
geometry
stiffness of various members
supports
load distribution
mass distribution
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Supports:
The type of support to be provided is decided by
considering the degree of fixity provided by the
foundation.
Fixed Supports:
Raft foundation: Support to be provided at the column
ends (located at top of the raft)
Pile cap for multiple piles: Support to be provided at the
column ends (located at top of the pile cap)
Isolated footing: When it is founded on hard rock, the
column end may be modelled as fixed (located at the top
of the footing)
Single pile: Fixed support of the column is recommended
at a depth of five to ten times the diameter of pile,
depending upon the type of soil, from the top of pile cap.
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Supports (cont):
Pinned supports:
Isolated footing: Support to be provided at the column
ends, (located at the bottom of the foundation).
Spring supports:
Spring supports can be provided with spring constants ,
eg., as per ASCE/SEI 41(2006)
In General
Engineering judgement must be exercised in modelling the
support
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Shear walls
Structural shear walls and Shear core which are
integrally connected to the frame and floor slabs, can
be modelled by plate elements
Surface elements (STAAD.Pro)
Wall element (ETABS)
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Static analysis:
The Design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah is
calculated from (6.4.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Static analysis:
Where the Horizontal acceleration Sa/g is determined
from the Response spectrum curve (Fig.2, IS:1893(Part 1)2002)
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Static analysis:
The time period of the structure is determined using
(7.6.1 & 7.6.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Static analysis:
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
A Simple Example
A six storied structure
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
height
Period
18 m
0.075x(18)0.75 = 0.6554 sec (Assumed to be open structure)
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
height
18 m
Period
0.6554 sec
Sa/g
1.5258
Ah
h (m)
Wh2
W*(Wh2/
Wh2)
23.57
212.13
1.5541
0.0632
23.57
848.52
6.2163
0.2529
23.57
1909.17
13.9866
0.5691
23.57
12
3394.08
24.8651
1.0117
23.57
15
5303.25
38.8516
1.5807
23.57
18
7636.68
55.9464
2.2763
19303.83
141.42 kN
5.7539 kN
Levels
141.42
(kN)
Vb
5.7539
(kN)
Qi (kN)
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
and analysed
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
STAAD:
Define Seismic parameters:
Z, I, R
Structure Type or
Tx & Tz
Soil Type
Damping ratio
Apply
Direction (X, Y,Z), factor
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
Masses to be included:
For seismic analysis, the effective masses to be
included for analysis are :
Full dead load
0.25 times Imposed Loads having intensity 3 kN/m2
0.5 times Imposed Loads having intensity > 3 kN/m2
Imposed Load on roof need not be considered
(7.3.1,7.3.2 & Table 8, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
Live load reduction for upper floors (as per 3.2, IS:875(Part 2)
- 1987) shall not be applied further for mass calculation
(7.3.3, IS:1893(Part 1) - 2002)
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
STAAD
Add self wt., Joint
loads, Member loads,
Floor loads
OR
Put lumped mass
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Zone factor Z
Importance factor I
Response reduction coefficient R
Seismic
AnalysisSpectral
of Multi-storiedAcceleration
RC Building
coefficient S /g
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Where
Ak is the design horizontal seismic coefficient
ik is the mode shape value for that floor level
Pk is mode participation factor
Wi is mass at that floor level
Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Natural Frequencies
EIGEN VALUES
MODAL ANALSYS
EIGEN VECTORS
Mode Shapes
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Mode 1
Freq. = 1.44119 Hz
Period = 0.69387 sec
Mode shape =
0
0.1513
0.3687
0.5796
0.7631
0.9059
1
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Mode 2
Freq. = 4.51039 Hz
Period = 0.22171 sec
Mode shape =
0
-0.5293
-1
-0.9604
-0.4110
0.36629
0.98395
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Modes
Levels
II
III
IV
Mode Shapes
1
0.151
-0.53
0.824
-1
0.369
-1
0.861
-0.047
-0.836
0.58
-0.96
-0.24
0.999
0.027
0.763
-0.41
-1
-0.265
0.813
0.906
0.366
-0.38
-0.902
-0.989
0.984
0.804
0.606
0.415
Period
(sec)
0.694
0.222
0.123
0.085
0.065
Freq(Hz)
1.441
4.51
8.098
11.78
15.31
79
II
III
IV
115.5
16.31
5.424
2.686
1.237
II
III
IV
1.30049
-0.44635
0.26529
-0.18718
0.12223
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
=
+
+
+
x 0.12223
x -0.18718
x 0.26529
x -0.44635
x 1.30049
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Modes
II
III
IV
0.1513
-0.5293
0.8237
-1
23.57
3.566
-12.48
19.415
-23.57
23.57
0.3688
-1
0.8614
-0.0466
-0.8364
23.57
8.692
-23.57
20.303
-1.097
-19.71
0.5796
-0.9604
-0.239
0.999
0.0268
23.57
13.66
-22.64
-5.6354
23.547
0.631
0.7631
-0.4111
-1
-0.2653
0.8128
23.57
17.99
-9.689
-23.57
-6.253
19.16
0.906
0.3663
-0.382
-0.9023
-0.9892
23.57
21.35
8.6335
-9.0113
-21.27
-23.32
0.984
0.8038
0.6064
0.4154
23.57
23.57
23.192
18.946
14.292
9.791
88.83
-36.55
20.447
-14.35
10.12
Mk
115.5
16.313
5.4243
2.6859
1.2369
W2
Pk
1.300
-0.4464
0.2653
-0.1872
0.1222
0.54
6.6043
15.992
23.57
23.57
3.206
23.57
17.488
0.0511
16.49
7.919
21.74
1.3474
23.524
0.017
13.73
3.9826
23.57
1.659
15.57
19.34
3.1623
3.4452
19.19
23.07
23.57
22.819
15.228
8.6658
4.067
68.3
81.879
77.072
76.66
82.78
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Period
Sa/g
0.693
0.221
0.123
0.084
0.065
1.4411
2.5
2.5
1.1273
1.0979
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Z = Zone factor
I = Importance factor
R = Response reduction coefficient
Period
0.693
0.221
0.123
0.084
0.065
Sa/g
1.441
2.5
2.5
1.1273
1.0979
0.0384
0.0667
0.0667
0.0300
0.0292
Ah
= 0.16
=1
=3
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
x 1.30049 x
0.151
23.57
0.178
0.369
23.57
0.434
0.58
23.57
0.683
0.763
23.57
0.899
0.906
23.57
1.067
23.57
1.178
kN
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Combining Modes:
(a) Indirect method
(Supported by all codes
IS, BS, EC, etc.)
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Mode
II
III
IV
0.133
0.084
0.006 -0.071
Levels
1
Qik (kN)
0
4 0.683 0.674
-0.1 -0.133
5 0.899 0.288
-0.42
6 1.067
-0.26
-0.16
7 1.178
-0.69 0.335
0.035
0.002
0.069
0.12 -0.083
-0.08
0.035
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Analyse for forces, and combine the forces to get final forces
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Analyse for forces, and combine the forces to get final forces
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Combining Modes:
(a) Direct method
(Supported by FEMA 356, etc.
for Non-linear Static Analysis*)
*Pushover Analysis
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Mode
II
III
IV
SRSS
0.133
0.084
0.559
0.006 -0.071
0.903
Levels
1
Qik (kN)
0
4 0.683 0.674
0.002
0.973
0.069
1.035
0.12 -0.083
1.119
-0.1 -0.133
5 0.899 0.288
-0.42
6 1.067
-0.26
-0.16
7 1.178
-0.69 0.335
0.035
-0.08
0.035
1.409
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
and analysed
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Indirect method
Direct method
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In-phase modes
ZPA
Periodic Response
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
1.441 4.51 8.098 11.782 15.309 17.908
OR
Rigid Response
VII
VIII
69.357 103.083 (Hz)
33 Hz
93.223 %
99.922 %
Modal Combination
(ABS, SRSS,CQC, etc.)
0.077 %
Missing Mass
Correction
Combination of
Periodic and Rigid modes
(Lindley-Yow, Hadjian, etc. )
Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
IS:1893-1984) :
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
H (m)
20
0.6
0.4
40
0.4
0.6
60
0.2
0.8
90
0.0
1.0
104
= 0 for ij
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Soil Type
Apply Seismic
parameters
Damping ratio
Method of comb (SRSS,
CQC, etc.)
Method of Dir. Comb
Direction (X, Y, Z)
I, R
STAAD
Define& apply Seismic
parameters:
Damping ratio
Method of comb (SRSS,
CQC, etc.)
Soil Type
Direction (X, Y, Z)
Scale (= Z.I / 2.R)
Normalization Scale (= 9.8)
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
ZI / 2R = 0.024
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Directional Combination of
Modal Responses
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
In-phase modes
ZPA
Periodic Response
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
1.441 4.51 8.098 11.782 15.309 17.908
OR
Rigid Response
VII
VIII
69.357 103.083 (Hz)
33 Hz
93.223 %
99.922 %
Modal Combination
(ABS, SRSS,CQC, etc.)
0.077 %
Missing Mass
Correction
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
ZPA
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
1.441 4.51 8.098 11.782 15.309 17.908
VII
VIII
69.357 103.083 (Hz)
33 Hz
99.922 %
0.077 %
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
ZPA
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
1.441 4.51 8.098 11.782 15.309 17.908
VII
VIII
69.357 103.083 (Hz)
33 Hz
99.922 %
0.077 %
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
where
Mmiss.mass is the missing mass
Mk(ZPA) is sum of Participating
masses up to ZPA
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
0
4.6285
11.310
17.778
23.387
27.771
30.652
0+4.6285+11.310+17.778+23.387+27.771+30.652 = 115.52
Thus, storey wise Mass Participation can be obtained for each mode,
from which the total storey wise Mass Participation,
and consequently, the storey wise Missing Mass can be determined.
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Ah =
Storey wise
Missing mass
(kN)
0.16 x 1
2x3
X (1.6) = 0.04266
0.0155
0.0155
0.0006
0.0243
0.0243
0.0010
0.0256
:. 0.04266 x
0.0256
0.0010
0.0234
0.0234
0.0010
0.0151
0.0151
0.0006
0.0047
0.0047
0.0002
Results
SRSS
Final
Results
0
0.5755
Results
0.9114
QP =
0.9741
1.0422
1.116
1.4002
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
VB(Dyn.Anal) = 1607kN
VB(Stat.Anal) = 1769kN
VB(Dyn.Anal) < VB(Stat.Anal)
:.VB(Stat.Anal)/ VB(Dyn.Anal) = 1769/1607
= 1.1 (STAAD)
New Coeff. = Coeff.*1.1
= 0.981*1.1 = 1.08
(ETABS)
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Design Combinations
Service Combinations
Load Combinations:
The analysis results are to be combined using the
following load combinations for RC structures
(6.3.1.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002, Table 18, IS:4562000) :
Design Combinations:-
Service Combinations:-
COMB-I = 1.5(DL+LL)#
COMB-II = 1.2(DL+LLEL)#
COMB-III = 1.5(DLEL)
COMB-IV = 0.9DL1.5EL*
COMB-I = 1.0(DL+LL)
COMB-II = 1.0DL+0.8(LLEL)
COMB-III = 1.0(DLEL)
Service Combinations:
COMB1 = 1.0(DL+LL)
COMB2 = 1.0DL+0.8(LL+ELx)#
COMB3 = 1.0DL+0.8(LL ELx) #
COMB4 = 1.0DL+0.8(LL+ELy) #
COMB5 = 1.0DL+0.8(LL ELy) #
COMB6 = 1.0(DL+ELx) #
COMB7 = 1.0(DL ELx) #
COMB8 = 1.0(DL+ELy) #
COMB9 = 1.0(DL ELy) #
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Type II :
Medium Soil
(30 N 10)
Type III :
Soft soil
(N < 10)
Pile/Well
50%
25%
25%
Raft
50%
50%
50%
Isolated
50%
25%
0%
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
COMB-I = 1.5[DL+LL]
COMB-II = 1.2[DL+(0.25 LL3, 0.5 LL >3)EL]
COMB-III = 1.5(DLEL)
COMB-IV = 0.9DL1.5EL
157
COMB1 = 1.5 ( DL + LL )
COMB2 = 1.2 ( DL + 0.25 LL3 + 0.5 LL >3 + ELx )
COMB3 = 1.2 ( DL + 0.25 LL3 + 0.5 LL >3 ELx )
COMB4 = 1.2 ( DL + 0.25 LL3 + 0.5 LL >3 + ELy )
COMB5 = 1.2 ( DL + 0.25 LL3 + 0.5 LL >3 ELy )
COMB6 = 1.5 ( DL + ELx )
COMB7 = 1.5 ( DL ELx )
COMB8 = 1.5 ( DL + ELy )
COMB9 = 1.5 ( DL ELy )
COMB10 = 0.9 DL + 1.5 ELx
COMB11 = 0.9 DL 1.5 ELx
COMB13 = 0.9 DL + 1.5 ELy
COMB14 = 0.9 DL 1.5 ELy
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Force Envelopes
159
1.5x(DL + LL)
1.5x(DL + EQx)
1.5x(DL - EQx)
Envelope
160
1.5x(DL + LL)
1.5x(DL + EQx)
1.5x(DL - EQx)
Envelope
161
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Accidental eccentricity:
Minimum Design eccentricity edi to be considered
during analysis (7.9.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
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Accidental eccentricity:
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Note: The above are only to demonstrate ECC and OCC options in
STAAD. As per Note 2 to 7.9.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002 Amendment
No.1, Jan 2005, only 0.05 need to be given for eccentricity in
Response Sectrum Analysis
170
1.5 ( DL + LL )
1.2 ( DL + LL EL x/y e )
1.5 ( DL EL x/y e )
0.9 DL 1.5 (EL x/y e)
1 Load Case
8 Load Cases
8 Load Cases
8 Load Cases
------------------25 Load Cases
1.0 ( DL + LL )
1 Load Case
1.0 DL + 0.8 ( LL EL x/y e ) 8 Load Cases
1.0 ( DL EL x/y e )
8 Load Cases
------------------17 Load Cases 42 Load Cases
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
1.5 ( DL + LL )
1 Load Case
1.2 ( DL + LL (EL x/y e) 0.3 (EL y/x e))
32 Load Cases
1.5 ( DL (EL x/y e) 0.3 (EL y/x e))
32 Load Cases
0.9 DL 1.5((EL x/y e) 0.3 (EL y/x e))
32 Load Cases
------------------97 Load Cases
1.0 ( DL + LL )
1 Load Case
1.0 DL + 0.8 ((EL x/y e) 0.3 (EL y/x e))
32 Load Cases
1.0 ( DL (EL x/y e) 0.3 (EL y/x e))
32 Load Cases
------------------65 Load Cases 162 Load Cases
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Concrete Design
ETABS
Load combinations
Design Code (Indian)
Material: , E, , fck,
fymain, fyshear
Ductile/ordinary
Col. Effective lengths
Etc
STAAD
Load combinations
Design Code (Indian,
456/13920)
fck, fymain, fyshear
Load case for beam shear
design (DL+LL)
(Cl. 6.3.3(b) , IS:13920)
Col. Effective lengths
Etc
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Presented by Rahul Leslie
Miscellaneous points
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
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Alternatively,
Columns and beams of the soft storey be designed for 2.5 times
forces obtained by analysis
Shear walls of the soft storey be designed for 1.5 times forces
obtained by analysis
(7.10.3, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
When to include ductile detailing :Ductile detailing provisions shall be adopted in RCC
buildings for
More than 5 stories high in zone III
Industrial structure in zone III
Importance factor > 1.0 in zone III
In zone IV & V
(1.1.1, IS:13920-1993)
Concluding Remarks
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
Concluding remarks
The best way to implement advanced seismic analysis
techniques is through an analysis software package.
To use a software package, one has to know it
More importantly, one has to know its limitations,
Still more important, one has to know its pitfalls.
Software Demonstrators/Instructors may tell you the
limitations, but not the pitfalls. Mostly it can be learned
only through experience.
The user should have a good base in Seismic Analysis &
Design, and Structural Dynamics. Also a basic
understanding of FEM is desirable (but not necessary).
Also one has to know the code provisions, and have them
ready reference (IS:456, SP 34, IS:1893, IS:13920, IS:875
Part-I, II, III)
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Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building
rahul.leslie@gmail.com
Thank you!
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